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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological and electron microscopic analysis of tissue response to synthetic composite bone graft in the canine (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 6 (1995), S. 89-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A Synthetic composite bone graft material, composed of fibrillar collagen, hydroxyapatite, and tricalcium phosphate, was evaluated in canine femoral shaft defects and compared to ungrafted defects and defects grafted with autogenous bone. The results of mechanical testing of the grafted femora in torsion at 1 year postoperatively were previously reported. This report details the histological and microscopic features of the graft sites. The results of this study suggest that the healing of the graft site is not yet complete at 1 year and that healing may be more complete in defects that received the synthetic graft as compared to ungrafted sites and autogenous bone graft. The bone tissue appears to respond to the graft particles as if they were bone particles. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770060202
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New advances in electronic devices for hole detection (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 5 (1994), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Holes in surgical gloves are considered to be an important source of transmission of pathogens between surgeon and patient. Two new glove hole detectors have been devised to alert the surgeon to the presence of holes. These devices have been evaluated using six powder-free and seven powdered varieties of surgical gloves that were either dry or exposed to hydration. Eight of the 13 surgical gloves hydrated rapidly with water, altering their resistance to the conduction of electricity. Because the Barrier Integrity MonitorTM only has a hydration monitor, 68 false positives occurred during the evaluation, indicating to the surgeon that he/she should change gloves unnecessarily because the glove had no hole. In contrast, the Surgic Alert MonitorTM (SAMTM) had a hydration alarm as well as a glove hole detection alarm. During the 104 tests, the SAMTM device showed no false positives. In the testing of five of the rapidly hydrating types of surgical gloves, the SAMTM device could not reliably detect holes. On the basis of this study, the SAMTM device, in conjunction with gloves that resist hydration, appeared to be a reliable hole detection monitor. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770050312
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Torsional properties of healed canine diaphyseal defects grafted with a fibrillar collagen and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate composite (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 5 (1994), S. 277-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The need for alternatives to autogenous bone grafts is widely recognized. This study compared the torsional strength of canine femora 1 year after grafting with one of three forms of a collagen/hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate bone grafting material (COLLAGRAFT15), autogenous bone, or no graft. The groups were compared to each other and to the unoperated contralateral femora. Results of torsional testing were evaluated for torsional strength, torsional displacement, total energy to fracture and White fracture mode. Data analysis showed lower torsional strength of the operated vs. unoperated femora with the exception of morsellized COLLAGRAFT15 material, which had higher strength. However, the only difference in the operated groups was that the morsellized COLLAGRAFT15 had greater strength than several groups including the autogenous bone group. There was no difference found in angular displacement between any of the groups. However, there was a difference in the energy to fracture in both strip forms of the COLLAGRAFT15. The final conclusion is that in this model, grafting with COLLAGRAFT15 provided torsional properties at one year postoperatively at least equivalent to autogenous bone. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770050402
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal expansion of dental alloys and porcelains (1980)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 14 (1980), S. 435-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The effect of thermal coefficient of expansion (α) mismatch on porcelain-metal bonding is frequently referred to in the dental literature. Thermally induced stresses may develop at metal-porcelain system interfaces due to differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the porcelains, metals, and metal oxides. The objective of this research is to characterize alloy and porcelain expansion behavior as a first step in developing a more specific definition of thermal compatibility. It is clear from comparisons of porcelain data and alloy data that the porcelain has expansion characteristics which are quite different from those of the alloys. The overall differences in values between these alloys and porcelains constitute a mismatch. First run dilatometric heating measurements for porcelain yield large differences between ΔL/L and α values as compared to cooling measurements. For a comparison of alloy and porcelain expansion characteristics, data should be obtained at several temperatures up to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the porcelain.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820140410
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological evaluation of the tumorigenic response to implanted polymers (1980)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 14 (1980), S. 455-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This short report concentrates on a close look at the immunological status of experimental animals which were implanted with a known dose of tumor and polymer implant. The implanted polymers used represented the most common biocompatible materials employed in current surgery. The immunological studies all were done in vitro on the cellular level. The studies suggested that there is a noticeable change of the immune system when inorganic biocompatible polymers are used in experimental animals.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820140412
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical features of pseudomembrane at the bone-cement interface of loosened total hip prostheses (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 669-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Biochemical features of pseudomembrane formed at the bone-cement interface of 13 failed total hip replacements were studied and histological examination of the pseudomembrane was conducted. The results of biochemical analyses revealed on average hydroxyproline, 86 μg/mg; water content, 57%; hexosamine, 12 μg/mg; glucosamine/galactosamine, 1.4%; and calcium, 2.1%. Approximately 78% of collagen was extracted with pepsin, whereas only 8 and 0.3% collagen were extracted with acetic acid and neutral salt, respectively. On further differential salting out of the extracted collagen, about 77% was type I collagen, 19% type III, and 2.6% type V. Unlike pseudoarthrosis of fracture, no type II collagen was identified. Overall biochemical features in the light of the histological appearance suggested that pseudomembrane resembles granulation tissue. Bone healing mechanisms at the bone-cement interface appear to differ from that of fracture healing.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820170411
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histomorphometric assessment of the mechanisms for rapid ingrowth of bone to HA/TCP coated implants (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 (1993), S. 645-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this work is to use dynamic histomorphometry to evaluate the basic biological mechanisms by which hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) implant coatings accelerate bone formation rates. Twenty-five rabbits had an HA/TCP coated cylindrical titanium fiber metal mesh implant surgically placed in the subchondral bone of the proximal tibia and a noncoated implant placed in the contralateral tibia. Twenty-two of these animals had HA/TCP coated cylindrical solid titanium implants placed in the distal femur and an uncoated implant placed in te contraleteral femur. The animals were double labeled with vital stains, and sacrificed at 3, 6, 16, or 26 weeks after surgery. Histomorphometric analyses were done of the bone implant interfaces. Both static and dynamic histomorphometric parameters indicate that HA/TCP coatings stimulate faster bone ingrowth to coated fiber metal implants through the early production of woven bone and by subsequent rapid lamellar bone formation rates. Coated fiber metal implants demonstrated significantly more bone ingrowth than noncoated implants through 16 weeks postimplatatin, but not by 26 weeks, In solid implants, the differences between coated and noncoated implants are less pronouned and not statistically significant, although there is a trend toward increased bone appostion to the surface of the implants over the first 16 weeks following implantation. The clinical significance of these results is that coated implants may allow earlier return to normal weightbearing. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820270512
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological, chemical, and crystallographic analysis of four calcium phosphate cements in different rabbit osseous sites (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 43 (1998), S. 451-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: calcium phosphate(s) ; brushite ; hydroxyapatite ; calcite ; remodeling ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Four calcium phosphate cement formulations were implanted in the rabbit distal femoral metaphysis and middiaphysis. Chemical, crystallographic, and histological analyses were made at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation. When implanted into the metaphysis, part of the brushite cement was converted into carbonated apatite by 2 weeks. Some of the brushite cement was removed by mononuclear macrophages prior to its conversion into apatite. Osteoclastlike cell mediated remodeling was predominant at 8 weeks after brushite had converted to apatite. The same histological results were seen for brushite plus calcite aggregate cement, except with calcite aggregates still present at 8 weeks. However, when implanted in the diaphysis, brushite and brushite plus calcite aggregate did not convert to another calcium phosphate phase by 4 weeks. Carbonated apatite cement implanted in the metaphysis did not transform to another calcium phosphate phase. There was no evidence of adverse foreign body reaction. Osteoclastlike cell mediated remodeling was predominant at 8 weeks. The apatite plus calcite aggregate cement implanted in the metaphysis that was not remodeled remained as poorly crystalline apatite. Calcite aggregates were still present at 8 weeks. There was no evidence of foreign body reaction. Osteoclastlike cell remodeling was predominant at 8 weeks. Response to brushite cements prior to conversion to apatite was macrophage dominated, and response to apatite cements was osteoclast dominated. Mineralogy, chemical composition, and osseous implantation site of these calcium phosphates significantly affected their in vivo host response. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 43: 451-461, 1998
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomechanical and histological analysis of an HA coated, arc deposited CPTi canine hip prosthesis (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 31 (1996), S. 465-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The interfacial shear strength and bone tissue response was investigated for an arc deposited (AD) commercially pure titanium implant surface, with (AD/HA) and without (AD) plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coating. Ten purpose bred coonhounds received bilateral femoral stem implantation (AD and AD/HA) in the proximal femurs (hemiarthroplasty). The femoral prosthesis consisted of a modular CoCr alloy head, modular Ti-6A1-4V neck, and a 10-mm diameter cylindrical Ti-6A1-4V femoral stem. The AD surface had 30-35% greater surface roughness than the AD/HA surface. The HA coating had a purity greater than 90% and a crystallinity greater than 65%. After 6, 12, and 24 weeks, the implants were retrieved and analyzed with mechanical testing, qualitative and quantitative histology, and electron microscopy. The AD/HA implants had equivalent interfacial shear strengths to the AD implants at all time periods. The AD/HA implants had significantly greater linear bone contact than the AD implants. The 6-week implants had significantly thicker cortical bone than the 12- and 24-week implants. The HA coating was very stable in vivo, evidenced by no thickness reduction at any time period. Qualitatively, the AD/HA implants primarily had bone contacting the implant surface with little fibrous tissue present, and the AD implants had bone and fibrous tissue contacting the implant surface. The electron microscopy analysis showed that the mechanically tested implants exhibited a mixed failure mode at the bone, HA coating, and titanium interfaces. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A wear resistant material for total joint replacement - tissue biocompatibility of an ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene - graphite composite (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 8 (1974), S. 231-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A new prosthetic material, ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene graphite, was developed for use in total joint replacement and found to exhibit 1/7-1/30 lower wear rate than UHMW polyethylene bearing against Vitallium alloy.A preliminary study was undertaken to test the biocompatibility of the new material. Specimens of 316L stainless steel, high-purity graphite, UHMW polyethylene, and the composite material were implanted in rabbits and cynomologous monkeys. The materials were evaluated in both solid and particulate forms after implantation in bone, joint cavities, and paravertebral muscles. The tissue reactions to the materials were noted at time intervals from 6 weeks to 1 year.All materials showed good tissue acceptance in solid form. The UHMW polyethylene and the composite material were noted to be more reactive than either the high-purity graphite alone or the stainless steel when in particulate form.The eventual use of the polyethylene graphite composite in total hip arthroplasties is suggested by virtue of its identical biocompatibility with UHMW polyethylene. In addition, its superior wear resistance, and hence low volume of wear debris particles presented to the surrounding tissues would offer an advantage in terms of longevity of the implant both mechanically and biologically.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820080506
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