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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1989-08-04
    Description: The crystal structure of glycogen phosphorylase a complexed with its substrates, orthophosphate and maltopentaose, has been determined and refined at a resolution of 2.8 angstroms. With oligosaccaride bound at the glycogen storage site, the phosphate ion binds at the catalytic site and causes the regulatory and catalytic domains to separate with the loss of stabilizing interactions between them. Homotropic cooperativity between the active sites of the allosteric dimer results from rearrangements in isologous contacts between symmetry-related helices in the subunit interface. The conformational changes in the core of the interface are correlated with those observed on covalent activation by phosphorylation at Ser14 (phosphorylase b----a).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldsmith, E J -- Sprang, S R -- Hamlin, R -- Xuong, N H -- Fletterick, R J -- DK31507-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM00085-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 4;245(4917):528-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2756432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Site ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallization ; Crystallography ; Enzyme Activation ; Glucosephosphates/metabolism ; Glycogen/metabolism ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Oligosaccharides ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphorylase a/*metabolism ; Phosphorylases/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1991-07-26
    Description: The crystal structure of the catalytic subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase complexed with a 20-amino acid substrate analog inhibitor has been solved and partially refined at 2.7 A resolution to an R factor of 0.212. The magnesium adenosine triphosphate (MgATP) binding site was located by difference Fourier synthesis. The enzyme structure is bilobal with a deep cleft between the lobes. The cleft is filled by MgATP and a portion of the inhibitor peptide. The smaller lobe, consisting mostly of amino-terminal sequence, is associated with nucleotide binding, and its largely antiparallel beta sheet architecture constitutes an unusual nucleotide binding motif. The larger lobe is dominated by helical structure with a single beta sheet at the domain interface. This lobe is primarily involved in peptide binding and catalysis. Residues 40 through 280 constitute a conserved catalytic core that is shared by more than 100 protein kinases. Most of the invariant amino acids in this conserved catalytic core are clustered at the sites of nucleotide binding and catalysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knighton, D R -- Zheng, J H -- Ten Eyck, L F -- Ashford, V A -- Xuong, N H -- Taylor, S S -- Sowadski, J M -- RR01644/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- T32CA09523/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32DK07233/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 26;253(5018):407-14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0654.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1862342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Computer Simulation ; Fourier Analysis ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Kinases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2005-02-05
    Description: The 2.0-angstrom structure of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) catalytic subunit bound to a deletion mutant of a regulatory subunit (RIalpha) defines a previously unidentified extended interface. The complex provides a molecular mechanism for inhibition of PKA and suggests how cAMP binding leads to activation. The interface defines the large lobe of the catalytic subunit as a stable scaffold where Tyr247 in the G helix and Trp196 in the phosphorylated activation loop serve as anchor points for binding RIalpha. These residues compete with cAMP for the phosphate binding cassette in RIalpha. In contrast to the catalytic subunit, RIalpha undergoes major conformational changes when the complex is compared with cAMP-bound RIalpha. The inhibitor sequence docks to the active site, whereas the linker, also disordered in free RIalpha, folds across the extended interface. The beta barrel of cAMP binding domain A, which is the docking site for cAMP, remains largely intact in the complex, whereas the helical subdomain undergoes major reorganization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Choel -- Xuong, Nguyen-Huu -- Taylor, Susan S -- DK07233/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM19301/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM34921/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):690-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15692043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; *Catalytic Domain ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & ; inhibitors/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Tryptophan/chemistry ; Tyrosine/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: In the molecular scheme of living organisms, adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP or cAMP) has been a universal second messenger. In eukaryotic cells, the primary receptors for cAMP are the regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The crystal structure of a 1-91 deletion mutant of the type I alpha regulatory subunit was refined to 2.8 A resolution. Each of the two tandem cAMP binding domains provides an extensive network of hydrogen bonds that buries the cyclic phosphate and the ribose between two beta strands that are linked by a short alpha helix. Each adenine base stacks against an aromatic ring that lies outside the beta barrel. This structure provides a molecular basis for understanding how cAMP binds cooperatively to its receptor protein, thus mediating activation of the kinase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, Y -- Dostmann, W R -- Herberg, F W -- Durick, K -- Xuong, N H -- Ten Eyck, L -- Taylor, S S -- Varughese, K I -- GM07313/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM34921/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR01644/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):807-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0654, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Affinity Labels ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/*chemistry ; Enzyme Activation ; Hydrogen Bonding ; *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1987-08-21
    Description: The structure of the Asn102 mutant of trypsin was determined in order to distinguish whether the reduced activity of the mutant at neutral pH results from an altered active site conformation or from an inability to stabilize a positive charge on the active site histidine. The active site structure of the Asn102 mutant of trypsin is identical to the native enzyme with respect to the specificity pocket, the oxyanion hole, and the orientation of the nucleophilic serine. The observed decrease in rate results from the loss of nucleophilicity of the active site serine. This decreased nucleophilicity may result from stabilization of a His57 tautomer that is unable to accept the serine hydroxyl proton.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sprang, S -- Standing, T -- Fletterick, R J -- Stroud, R M -- Finer-Moore, J -- Xuong, N H -- Hamlin, R -- Rutter, W J -- Craik, C S -- AM26081/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM31507/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM24485/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Aug 21;237(4817):905-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3112942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Asparagine ; Aspartic Acid ; Binding Sites ; Cattle ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallography ; Histidine ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Serine ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; *Trypsin
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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