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  • Behaviour  (2)
  • Cystophora cristata  (2)
  • Key words Grey seals  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy intake and utilisation by nursing bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) pups from Svalbard, Norway (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 166 (1996), S. 405-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Milk intake ; Growth ; Energy consumption ; Bearded seals,Erignathus barbatus ; Behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study we measure energy intake via milk in nursing bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) pups and determine how this energy is allocated into metabolism and storage of new tissues. This was accomplished using longitudinal mass gain records and the doubly labelled water technique on nursing pups in combination with cross-sectional data on changes in milk composition from bearded seal mothers. The pups (n=3) were all less than a week old at the start of the experiments. Pups gained 3.3±0.4 kg·day-1 of which 50% was fat, 14% protein and 36% water. Average daily water influx for the pups was 69.5±9.0 ml · kg-1· day-1. Average CO2 production during the study period was 0.99±0.10 ml·g-1·h-1, which corresponds to a field metabolic rate of 642±67 kJ·kg-1· day-1, or 6.0±0.5 times the predicted basal metabolic rate according to Kleiber (1975). The pups drank an average of 7.6±0.5 kg of milk daily. This corresponds to a daily energy intake of 154±8 MJ, 47±14% of which was stored as new body tissue. Despite this high energy intake bearded seal pups do not get as fat as do other nursing phocids. This is in part due to their larger body size but also due to their very active aquatic lifestyle and the lower and more consistent fat content of the milk compared to other phocid species. Bearded seal mothers forage during lactation and may also be involved in teaching their pups to feed independently. All these data suggest that the lactation strategy of bearded seals differs from the phocid norm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02337884
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy intake and utilisation by nursing bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) pups from Svalbard, Norway (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 166 (1996), S. 405-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Key words Milk intake ; Growth ; Energy consumption ; Bearded seals ; Erignathus barbatus ; Behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study we measure energy intake via milk in nursing bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) pups and determine how this energy is allocated into metabolism and storage of new tissues. This was accomplished using longitudinal mass gain records and the doubly labelled water technique on nursing pups in combination with cross-sectional data on changes in milk composition from bearded seal mothers. The pups (n=3) were all less than a week old at the start of the experiments. Pups gained 3.3±0.4 kg ⋅ day-1 of which 50% was fat, 14% protein and 36% water. Average daily water influx for the pups was 69.5±9.0 ml ⋅ kg-1⋅ day -1. Average CO2 production during the study period was 0.99±0.10 ml ⋅ g-1 ⋅ h-1, which corresponds to a field metabolic rate of 642±67 kJ ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ day-1, or 6.0±0.5 times the predicted basal metabolic rate according to Kleiber (1975). The pups drank an average of 7.6±0.5 kg of milk daily. This corresponds to a daily energy intake of 154±8 MJ, 47±14% of which was stored as new body tissue. Despite this high energy intake bearded seal pups do not get as fat as do other nursing phocids. This is in part due to their larger body size but also due to their very active aquatic lifestyle and the lower and more consistent fat content of the milk compared to other phocid species. Bearded seal mothers forage during lactation and may also be involved in teaching their pups to feed independently. All these data suggest that the lactation strategy of bearded seals differs from the phocid norm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600050026
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energetics during nursing and early postweaning fasting in hooded seal (Cystophora cristata ) pups from the Gulf of St Lawrence, Canada (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 167 (1997), S. 81-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Key words Energetics  ;  Lactation  ;  Maternal investment  ;  Doubly labelled water  ;  Hooded seals ; Cystophora cristata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study we measured growth and milk intake and calculated energy intake and its allocation into metabolism and stored tissue for hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) pups. In addition, we measured mass loss, change in body composition and metabolic rate during the first days of the postweaning fast. The mean body mass of the hooded seal pups (n = 5) at the start of the experiments, when they were new-born, was 24.3 ± 1.3 kg (SD). They gained an average of 5.9 ± 1.1. kg · day−1 of which 19% was water, 76% fat and 5% protein. This corresponds to an average daily energy deposition of 179.8 ± 16.0 MJ. The pups were weaned at an average body mass of 42.5 ± 1.0 kg 3.1 days after the experiment was initiated. During the first days of the postweaning fast the pups lost an average of 1.3 ± 0.5␣kg of body mass daily, of which 56% was water, 16% fat and 28% protein. During the nursing period the average daily water influx for the pups was 124.6 ± 25.8 ml · kg−1. The average CO2 production during this period was 1.10 ± 0.20 ml · g−1 · h−1, which corresponds to a field metabolic rate of 714 ± 130 kJ ·  kg−1 · day−1, or 5.8 ± 1.1 times the predicted basal metabolic rate according to Kleiber (1975). During the postweaning fast the average daily water influx was reduced to 16.1 ± 6.6 ml · kg−1. The average CO2 production in␣this period was 0.58 ± 0.17 ml · g−1 · h−1 which corresponds to a field metabolic rate of 375 ± 108 kJ · kg−1 · day−1 or 3.2 ± 0.9 times the predicted basal metabolic rate. Average values for milk composition were 33.5% water, 58.6% fat and 6.2% protein. The pups drank an average of 10.4 ± 1.8␣kg of milk daily, which represents an energy intake of 248.9 ± 39.1 MJ · day−1. The pups were able to store 73.2 ± 7.7% of this energy as body tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600050050
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fat transfer and energetics during lactation in the hooded seal: the roles of tissue lipoprotein lipase in milk fat secretion and pup blubber deposition (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 169 (1999), S. 377-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Key words Lactation ; Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) ; Prolactin ; Milk composition ; Hooded seal ; Cystophora cristata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) lactate for 3.6 days during which females simultaneously fast and transfer large amounts of energy to their pups through fat-rich milk. Pups grow rapidly, principally due to blubber deposition. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the primary enzyme responsible for tissue uptake of triglyceride fatty acids, may strongly influence both maternal milk fat secretion and pup blubber deposition. We measured the energetic costs of lactation (using hydrogen isotope dilution, 3H20), milk composition, prolactin, and LPL activity (post-heparin plasma LPL [PH LPL], blubber, mammary gland and milk; U) in six females. PH LPL and blubber LPL were measured in their pups. Females depleted 216.3 MJ · day−1 of body energy and fat accounted for 59% of maternal mass loss and 90% of postpartum body energy loss, but maternal body composition changed little. Maternal blubber LPL was negligible (0.0–0.2 U), while mammary LPL was elevated (1.8–2.5 U) and was paralleled by changes in prolactin. Estimated total mammary LPL activity was high (up to 20,000 U · animal−1) effectively favoring the mammary gland for lipid uptake. Levels of total blubber LPL in pups increased seven-fold over lactation. Pups with higher PH LPL at birth had greater relative growth rates (P = 0.025). Pups with greater blubber stores and total blubber LPL activity had elevated rates of fat deposition (P = 0.035).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600050234
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer of fatty acids from female seal blubber via milk to pup blubber (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 170 (2000), S. 277-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Key words Grey seals ; Mother-pup pairs ; Multivariate statistics ; Fatty acid composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography followed by principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) in the blubber of 18 female grey seals, Halichoerus grypus, in their milk and in the blubber of their 1-week-old nursing pups. Large individual differences were observed in both blubber and milk content of fatty acids. The fatty acid composition of the milk was systematically different from the composition in maternal blubber, with higher relative amounts of the saturated acids, the monounsaturated with 20 carbon atoms and the n3 polyunsaturated, except 18:3n3. The composition of the fatty acids in the blubber of the pups was different from that of the milk. The same fatty acids that were enriched in the milk were depleted in the blubber of the pups. Therefore the fatty acid composition in the blubber of the pups was similar to that in the adults, although not identical. The results from this investigation imply that the composition of the fatty acids in the blubber of female seals and in the blubber of their pups cannot be determined directly by analysis of fatty acid composition of milk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600000099
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