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  • Bayesian updating  (1)
  • tracer tests  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: Bayesian updating ; conditioned simulations ; Milk River aquifer ; random-correlated fields
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Characterization of the spatial distribution of hydrogeologic parameters in an aquifer is important to understanding the hydrodynamics of a groundwater flow system. The operational procedure presented in this paper uses core permeability and porosity data and geophysical logs to characterize hydrogeologic parameters, especially hydraulic conductivity (K). The procedure is illustrated with a geostatistical analysis of the permeability distribution along a 120 km cross section of the Milk River aquifer in Alberta, Canada. Geologic and hydrogeologic data from aquifers come in a variety of forms. In deep, regional aquifers, the most ubiquitous form usually is geophysical logs that are used to determine spatial variations in the thickness, porosity, and permeability as well as other rock properties of hydrostratigraphic units. Several methods of deriving hydraulic conductivity values from geophysical logs are evaluated with respect to the Milk River aquifer. Based on a statistical evaluation, a direct relation between porosity and permeability was selected. Once the hydrogeologic data were analyzed and evaluated, a stochastic approach using Bayesian updating with Cholesky decomposition is used to describe the spatial heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity. This approach produces random-correlated fields of hydraulic conductivity that are conditioned at specific locations by the geophysically derived hydraulic conductivity values. The conditioned, random-correlated fields of hydraulic conductivity are a description of relatively small-scale heterogeneity in the hydraulic conductivity field that can be used in a numerical transport model as a detailed, spatial description of hydraulic conductivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrogeology journal 7 (1999), S. 236-240 
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: Key words laboratory experiments ; tracer tests ; hydrochemistry ; variable-density flow ; image processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Au laboratoire, l'analyse d'images assistée par ordinateur est un moyen précis et efficace pour suivre certaines expériences de traçage. Ce papier présente comment sont déterminées dans le détail les distributions temporelles de la concentration en traceur au cours d'une expérience d'écoulement en réservoir au moyen de l'analyse de photographies de panaches de rhodamine à travers la paroi de verre du réservoir. La méthodologie développée dans cette expérience suit quatre étapes: (1) digitalisation par balayage des négatifs noir et blanc des prises de vue de l'expérience d'écoulement en réservoir; (2) calibration et normalisation de chaque image digitalisée par rapport à une échelle étalon de densité optique en déterminant la relation entre la densité optique et la valeur des pixels de chaque image; (3) étalonnage de concentrations prédéterminées (2 à 97 mg/L); et (4) conversion de la densité optique en concentration. La distribution spatiale des concentrations pour deux photos a été déterminée en appliquant ces procédures de calibration et de conversion à tous les pixels des images digitalisées. Cette approche est une façon efficace pour étudier la manière dont évoluent les panaches ainsi que les mécanismes de transport.
    Abstract: Resumen El análisis de imágenes por ordenador proporciona un método preciso y eficiente para estudiar los experimentos con trazadores en laboratorio. En este artículo se describe una metodología para la determinación detallada de las distribuciones temporales de concentración, en un ensayo de trazadores realizado en un tanque de flujo, a partir del análisis de fotografías de los penachos de Rodamina obtenidas a través de la pared transparente del tanque. La metodología comprende cuatro pasos: (1) Digitalización mediante escáner de los negativos en blanco y negro de las fotografías realizadas durante el experimento; (2) Calibración y normalización de cada una de las imágenes digitalizadas a una escala estándar de densidades ópticas, a través de la relación entre densidad óptica y el valor asignado a cada pixel en cada una de las imágenes; (3) Construcción de un estándar de concentraciones predeterminadas (2–97 mg/L); y (4) Conversión de las densidades ópticas a concentraciones de trazador. Mediante este procedimiento de calibración y conversión se determinó la distribución espacial de la concentración para dos fotografías. La metodología presentada proporciona un modo eficiente para estudiar la evolución de los penachos y los mecanismos de transporte.
    Notes: Abstract  In the laboratory, computer-assisted image analysis provides an accurate and efficient way to monitor tracer experiments. This paper describes the determination of detailed temporal concentration distributions of tracers in a flow-tank experiment by analyzing photographs of plumes of Rhodamine dye through the glass wall of the tank. The methodology developed for this purpose consists of four steps: (1) digitally scanning black and white negatives obtained from photographs of the flow–tank experiment; (2) calibrating and normalizing each digitized image to a standard optical-density scale by determining the relation between the optical density and pixel value for each image; (3) constructing standard curves relating the concentration in an optical density from five experimental runs with predetermined concentrations (2–97 mg/L); and (4) converting the optical density to concentration. The spatial distribution of concentration for two photographs was determined by applying these calibration and conversion procedures to all pixels of the digitized images. This approach provides an efficient way to study patterns of plume evolution and transport mechanisms.
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