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  • Articles  (5)
  • Cetaceans  (3)
  • Baleen whales  (1)
  • Cetacean  (1)
  • 1
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    Underwater ambient noise in a baleen whale migratory habitat off the Azores (2017)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Marine Science 4 (2017): 109, doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00109.
    Description: Assessment of underwater noise is of particular interest given the increase in noise-generating human activities and the potential negative effects on marine mammals which depend on sound for many vital processes. The Azores archipelago is an important migratory and feeding habitat for blue (Balaenoptera musculus), fin (Balaenoptera physalus) and sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) en route to summering grounds in northern Atlantic waters. High levels of low frequency noise in this area could displace whales or interfere with foraging behavior, impacting energy intake during a critical stage of their annual cycle. In this study, bottom-mounted Ecological Acoustic Recorders were deployed at three Azorean seamounts (Condor, Açores, and Gigante) to measure temporal variations in background noise levels and ship noise in the 18–1,000 Hz frequency band, used by baleen whales to emit and receive sounds. Monthly average noise levels ranged from 90.3 dB re 1 μPa (Açores seamount) to 103.1 dB re 1 μPa (Condor seamount) and local ship noise was present up to 13% of the recording time in Condor. At this location, average contribution of local boat noise to background noise levels is almost 10 dB higher than wind contribution, which might temporally affect detection ranges for baleen whale calls and difficult communication at long ranges. Given the low time percentatge with noise levels above 120 dB re 1 μPa found here (3.3% at Condor), we woud expect limited behavioral responses to ships from baleen whales. Sound pressure levels measured in the Azores are lower than those reported for the Mediterranean basin and the Strait of Gibraltar. However, the currently unknown effects of baleen whale vocalization masking and the increasing presence of boats at the monitored sites underline the need for continuous monitoring to understand any long-term impacts on whales.
    Description: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) and Fundo Regional da Ciência e Tecnologia (FRCT), through research projects TRACE (PTDC/MAR/74071/2006), MAPCET (M2.1.2/F/012/2011), and FCT Exploratory project (IF/00943/2013/CP1199/CT0001), supported by funds from FEDER, the Competitiveness Factors Operational (COMPETE), QREN, POPH, European Social Fund, Portuguese Ministry for Science and Education, and Proconvergencia Açores/EU Program. We also acknowledge funds provided by FCT to MARE, through the strategic project UID/MAR/04292/2013, that also supported fees for this open access publication. MR is supported by a DRCT doctoral grant (M3.1.a/F/028/2015), IC was supported by a FCT doctoral grant (SFRH/BD/41192/2007) and MAS is supported by an FCT-Investigator contract (IF/00943/2013).
    Keywords: Underwater noise ; Ship noise ; Baleen whales ; MSFD ; Open ocean environment
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 2
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    Endo- and ectoparasites of large whales (Cetartiodactyla: Balaenopteridae, Physeteridae) : overcoming difficulties in obtaining appropriate samples by non- and minimally-invasive methods (2015)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 4 (2015): 414–420, doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.11.002.
    Description: Baleen and sperm whales, belonging to the Order Cetartiodactyla, are the largest and heaviest existent mammals in the world, collectively known as large whales. Large whales have been subjected to a variety of conservation means, which could be better monitored and managed if physiological and pathophysiological information, such as pathogen infections, could already be gathered from free-swimming animals instead of carcasses. Parasitic diseases are increasingly recognized for their profound influences on individual, population, and even ecosystem health. Furthermore, a number of parasite species have gained importance as opportunistic neozoan infections in the marine environment. Nonetheless, traditional approaches to study parasitic diseases have been impractical for large whales, since there is no current routine method for the capture and handling of these large animals and there is presently no practical method to obtain blood samples remotely from free-ranging whales. Therefore, we here not only intend to review the endo- and ectoparasite fauna of large whales but also to provide new insights in current available methods for gathering parasitological data by using non- or minimally invasive sampling techniques. We focus on methods, which will allow detailed parasitological studies to gain a broader knowledge on parasitoses affecting wild, free-swimming large whale populations.
    Description: We acknowledge funds and support from the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Fundo Regional da Ciência, Tecnologia (FRCT), through research projects TRACE-PTDC/MAR/74071/2006 and MAPCET-M2.1.2/F/012/2011 [FEDER, the Competitiveness Factors Operational (COMPETE), QREN European Social Fund, and Proconvergencia Açores/EU Program]. We acknowledge funds provided by FCT to MARE and by the FRCT – Government of the Azores pluriannual funding. RP is supported by a research grant from the Azores Regional Fund for Science and Technology (M3.1.5/F/115/2012). MAS is supported by FCT through a Program Investigator FCT fellowship (IF/00943/2013).
    Keywords: Cetaceans ; Whales ; Neozoan parasites ; Entamoeba ; Balantidium ; Giardia
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 3
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    Spatial and temporal distribution of cetaceans in the mid-Atlantic waters around the Azores (2013)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2013. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Taylor & Francis for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Biology Research 10 (2014): 123-137, doi:10.1080/17451000.2013.793814.
    Description: Cetaceans living in offshore waters are under increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities. Yet, due to the lack of survey effort, relatively little is known about the demography or ecology of these populations. Spatial and temporal distribution of cetaceans in mid-Atlantic waters were investigated using a long term dataset collected from boat surveys and land-based observations around the Azores. From 1999 to 2009, 7307 cetacean schools were sighted during 271717 km of survey effort. In 4944 h of land-based observations, 2968 cetacean groups were detected. Twenty-four species were recorded: seven baleen whales, six beaked whales, eight dolphin species, Physeter macrocephalus, Kogia breviceps and K. sima. Overall, Delphinus delphis was the most frequently sighted species but its encounter rate decreased in June- November, coinciding with presence of Stenella frontalis in the region. Tursiops truncatus, P. macrocephalus and Grampus griseus were frequently encountered yearround, whereas large baleen whales showed a distinct peak in encounter rates in March-May. Mesoplodonts were fairly common and appear to be present throughout the year. These findings fill-in a significant gap in the knowledge of cetaceans occurring in a poorly studied region of the North Atlantic, providing much needed data to inform management initiatives.
    Description: This work was supported by FEDER funds, through the Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme – COMPETE, by national funds, through FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology, under projects CETAMARH (POCTI/BSE/38991/01) and TRACE (PTDC/MAR/74071/2006), and by regional funds, through DRCT/SRCTE, under project MAPCET (M2.1.2/F/012/2011). We thank the Azorean Regional Government for funding POPA, the Shipowners Proprietors and the Association of the Tuna Canning Industries for their support to the programme. MAS was supported by an FCT postdoctoral grant (SFRH/BPD/29841/2006), and IC and RP were supported by doctoral grants SFRH/BD/41192/2007 and SFRH/BD/32520/2006. IMAR-DOP/UAç is the R&D Unit #531 and part of the Associated Laboratory #9 (ISR) funded through the pluri-annual and programmatic funding schemes of FCT-MCTES and DRCTAzores.
    Keywords: Cetaceans ; Spatial and temporal distribution ; Mid-Atlantic waters ; Sighting surveys
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 4
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    Dolphin whistles can be useful tools in identifying units of conservation (2021)
    BMC
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Papale, E. B., Azzolin, M. A., Cascao, I., Gannier, A., Lammers, M. O., Martin, V. M., Oswald, J. N., Perez-Gil, M., Prieto, R., Silva, M. A., Torri, M., & Giacoma, C. Dolphin whistles can be useful tools in identifying units of conservation. Bmc Zoology, 6(1), (2021): 22, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-021-00085-7.
    Description: Prioritizing groupings of organisms or ‘units’ below the species level is a critical issue for conservation purposes. Several techniques encompassing different time-frames, from genetics to ecological markers, have been considered to evaluate existing biological diversity at a sufficient temporal resolution to define conservation units. Given that acoustic signals are expressions of phenotypic diversity, their analysis may provide crucial information on current differentiation patterns within species. Here, we tested whether differences previously delineated within dolphin species based on i) geographic isolation, ii) genetics regardless isolation, and iii) habitat, regardless isolation and genetics, can be detected through acoustic monitoring. Recordings collected from 104 acoustic encounters of Stenella coeruleoalba, Delphinus delphis and Tursiops truncatus in the Azores, Canary Islands, the Alboran Sea and the Western Mediterranean basin between 1996 and 2012 were analyzed. The acoustic structure of communication signals was evaluated by analyzing parameters of whistles in relation to the known genetic and habitat-driven population structure.
    Description: Data collection and processing in the Azores was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) and Fundo Regional da Ciência e Tecnologia (FRCT), through research projects TRACE-PTDC/MAR/74071/2006 and MAPCET-M2.1.2/F/012/2011 (FEDER, the Competitiveness Factors Operational (COMPETE), QREN European Social Fund, and Pro convergencia Açores/EU Program). We also thank FCT for supporting MARE (UID/MAR/04292/2019) and OKEANOS (UIB/05634/2020), as well as for the research grants awarded to PR (SFRH/BPD/108007/2015) and CI (Project Awareness - PTDC/BIA-BMA/30514/2017). SMA is supported through project SUMMER (H2020-EU.3.2.3.1, GA 817806). Data collection by SECAC was funded by the EU LIFE programme—project LIFE INDEMARES (LIFE 07/NAT/E/000732)— and the Fundación Biodiversidad under the Spanish Ministry of Environment, Rural and Marine Affairs (project ZEC-TURSIOPS). EP was supported by a LLP/Erasmus grant 2010–2011 for collecting data in the Canary Islands.
    Keywords: Communication signals ; Acoustic divergence ; Geographic variability ; Phenotypic diversity ; Cetaceans
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
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    Modeling the potential distribution and richness of cetaceans in the Azores from Fisheries Observer Program data (2017)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Marine Science 2 (2016): 202, doi:10.3389/fmars.2016.00202.
    Description: Marine spatial planning and ecological research call for high-resolution species distribution data. However, those data are still not available for most marine large vertebrates. The dynamic nature of oceanographic processes and the wide-ranging behavior of many marine vertebrates create further difficulties, as distribution data must incorporate both the spatial and temporal dimensions. Cetaceans play an essential role in structuring and maintaining marine ecosystems and face increasing threats from human activities. The Azores holds a high diversity of cetaceans but the information about spatial and temporal patterns of distribution for this marine megafauna group in the region is still very limited. To tackle this issue, we created monthly predictive cetacean distribution maps for spring and summer months, using data collected by the Azores Fisheries Observer Programme between 2004 and 2009. We then combined the individual predictive maps to obtain species richness maps for the same period. Our results reflect a great heterogeneity in distribution among species and within species among different months. This heterogeneity reflects a contrasting influence of oceanographic processes on the distribution of cetacean species. However, some persistent areas of increased species richness could also be identified from our results. We argue that policies aimed at effectively protecting cetaceans and their habitats must include the principle of dynamic ocean management coupled with other area-based management such as marine spatial planning.
    Description: This work was supported by FEDER funds, through the Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme - COMPETE, by national funds, through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, under project TRACE (PTDC/ MAR/74071/2006), and by regional funds, through DRCT/SRCTE, under projects MAPCET (M2.1.2/F/012/2011) and 2020 (M2.1.2/I/026/2011). We acknowledge funds provided by FCT to MARE, through the strategic project UID/MAR/04292/2013. RP is supported by an FCT postdoctoral grant (SFRH/BPD/108007/2015); MAS is supported by Program Investigator FCT (IF/00943/2013) and MT was supported by a research fellowship under the Exploratory project (IF/00943/2013/CP1199/CT0001) that also paid the fees for this open-access publication. IF/00943/2013 and IF/00943/2013/CP1199/CT0001 are funded by FSE and MCTES, through POPH and QREN.
    Keywords: Cetacean ; Spatio-temporal distribution ; Azores ; Species distribution models (SDMs) ; Richness ; MaxEnt
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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