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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial water quality: Springs and streams in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (1982)
    Springer
    Environmental management 6 (1982), S. 353-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Great Smoky Mountains National Park ; National Park Service ; Water quality ; Resources management ; Bacteria ; Indicator organisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Water samples from streams and springs in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park were analyzed for fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus, and total coliform bacteria. Levels of bacteria were found to be highly variable but related to elevation, time of year, type of water source, and water level of the streams. Visitors did not seem to be major contributors to bacterial contamination. Levels of fecal coliform and total coliform in most water samples were unsuitable for drinking without treatment. Tennessee state standards for body contact recreation (swimming and wading) were exceeded in a few samples but none from streams suitable for swimming. As a result of these findings, park managers increased efforts to inform visitors of the need to treat drinking water and removed improvements at backcountry springs which tended to give the springs the image of safe, maintained water sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01875067
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Management concerns for swimming, tubing, and wading in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (1981)
    Springer
    Environmental management 5 (1981), S. 353-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Aquatic recreational use ; Great Smoky Mountains National Park ; Visitor use patterns ; Stream morphology ; Impacts ; Management concerns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Recreational use of streams in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park has increased remarkably during recent years. To better manage the stream resource for visitor needs and at the same time preserve it for future generations, a user study was initiated in 1978. Use patterns, both spatial and temporal, and possible accompanying ecological impacts at three streams were investigated. Sampling was conducted at several sites per stream. The findings indicated that use was concentrated during afternoons and at certain streams and study sites. In addition, different types of users partitioned the streams according to stream morphology (form or structure of pools, riffles, etc.). Major impacts observed were soil compaction and erosion along the streambanks and physical disturbance of the stream bottoms by moving and placing stones to construct dams and raceways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867349
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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