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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bacterial water quality: Springs and streams in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (1982)
    Springer
    Environmental management 6 (1982), S. 353-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Schlagwort(e): Great Smoky Mountains National Park ; National Park Service ; Water quality ; Resources management ; Bacteria ; Indicator organisms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Water samples from streams and springs in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park were analyzed for fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus, and total coliform bacteria. Levels of bacteria were found to be highly variable but related to elevation, time of year, type of water source, and water level of the streams. Visitors did not seem to be major contributors to bacterial contamination. Levels of fecal coliform and total coliform in most water samples were unsuitable for drinking without treatment. Tennessee state standards for body contact recreation (swimming and wading) were exceeded in a few samples but none from streams suitable for swimming. As a result of these findings, park managers increased efforts to inform visitors of the need to treat drinking water and removed improvements at backcountry springs which tended to give the springs the image of safe, maintained water sources.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01875067
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Management concerns for swimming, tubing, and wading in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (1981)
    Springer
    Environmental management 5 (1981), S. 353-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Schlagwort(e): Aquatic recreational use ; Great Smoky Mountains National Park ; Visitor use patterns ; Stream morphology ; Impacts ; Management concerns
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Recreational use of streams in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park has increased remarkably during recent years. To better manage the stream resource for visitor needs and at the same time preserve it for future generations, a user study was initiated in 1978. Use patterns, both spatial and temporal, and possible accompanying ecological impacts at three streams were investigated. Sampling was conducted at several sites per stream. The findings indicated that use was concentrated during afternoons and at certain streams and study sites. In addition, different types of users partitioned the streams according to stream morphology (form or structure of pools, riffles, etc.). Major impacts observed were soil compaction and erosion along the streambanks and physical disturbance of the stream bottoms by moving and placing stones to construct dams and raceways.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867349
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Geographical distribution, morphology and water quality of caldera lakes: a review (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 171 (1989), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): caldera ; caldera lakes ; lakes ; lake morphology ; water quality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The geographical distribution, morphometry and water quality of lakes within large calderas (〉 2 km in diameter) were evaluated through a review of the literature and maps. Eighty-eight lakes in 75 calderas were located in 31 volcanic subregions. As a group, the lakes varied greatly in elevation, surface area, maximum depth, and shoreline development. The ‘average’ surface area was 16.9 km2, surface elevation 873 m, depth 151.1 m, and shoreline development 1.35. Water quality ranged from ultraoligotrophic to highly eutrophic. None of the lakes had an inlet that originated outside the calderas. Most lakes did not have a surface outlet, were circular or subcircular in shape, and covered only parts of the caldera basins. Water clarity in some lakes was among the highest recorded for freshwater systems, but there are indications of possible declining clarity in some cases. Secondary volcanic activity, such as primary (hydrothermal) water and eruptions, has been associated with deteriorated water quality conditions in some lakes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00005721
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comparison of streams in logged and unlogged areas of Great Smoky Mountains National Park (1983)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 102 (1983), S. 99-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): streams ; streamwater chemistry ; water quality ; benthic macroinvertebrates ; organic debris ; debris dams
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Second order streams draining areas of virgin forest in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee and North Carolina, U.S.A., are compared to those which drain forests logged before the establishment of the park in the 1930's. Water quality of two main study streams (one unlogged and one formerly logged) was compared and the unlogged stream had generally higher levels of dissolved solids and lower levels of suspended particulates than the logged stream. Stream channel characteristics were compared on four logged and four unlogged streams. The unlogged streams had over four times more (by volume) of woody debris and 10 times more material in debris dams than the logged streams. Only minor differences in substrate composition were observed. Macroinvertebrate samples from the four logged and four unlogged streams showed that the logged streams contained greater numbers of organisms and more taxa. More detailed sampling on the two main study streams showed similar patterns of more individuals and more taxa in the logged stream, as well as differences in the composition of five functional groups. These differences in invertebrate fauna may be due to differences in quantity and quality of leaf litter inputs, although other explanations are also possible.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006073
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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