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  • Bacillus thuringiensis  (3)
  • Cryofixation  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The subunits of the parasporal crystal of Bacillus thuringiensis: Size, linkage and toxicity (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 129 (1981), S. 14-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis ; Protein crystal ; Solubilization ; Subumts ; MW determination ; Biological activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The solubility properties and the number of disulfide groups per molecule of the crystal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis were shown to be similar to that of wool keratin. Dissolution of the crystals required scission of S-S bonds. This could be achieved at neutral pH without loss of toxicity. Molecular weight determinations with gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation indicated that the crystal subunit is a dimer. With the exception of the variety israelensis, all strains belonging to ten different subspecies revealed crystal subunits of the same molecular weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417171
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding and activity ofBacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin to invertebrate cells (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 146 (1986), S. 7-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis ; Delta-endotoxin ; Mode of action ; Binding specificity ; FITC-labelling ; Antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fluorescein isothiocyanate was used as a label to detect delta-endotoxin ofBacillus thuringiensis subsp.thuringiensis andisraelensis in binding studies with different in vitro cell systems. Protoxin of the subspeciesthuringiensis could be labelled directly whereas the activated toxin had to be traced indirectly with labelled antibodies. Both protoxin and activated toxin bound to primary midgut cell cultures ofPieris brassicae larvae as well as to cells of an established culture ofDrosophila melanogaster. No binding with either toxin form could be observed with hemocytes ofP. brassicae. Biological activity as shown by the trypan blue viability assay was obtained only with the activated toxin against the midgut cells. Toxin of the subspeciesisraelensis reacted very unspecifically. Binding followed by rapid destruction was obtained with all the tested cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690150
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction of plasmid pC194 into Bacillus thuringiensis by protoplast transformation and plasmid transfer (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 139 (1984), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis ; Plasmid pC194 ; Transformation ; Plasmid transfer ; Protoplasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pC194 which codes for resistance to chloramphenicol was introduced into six Bacillus thuringiensis strains representing five varieties by protoplast transformation. Six other varieties could not be transformed. pC194 could be identified in transformed strains as autonomous plasmid. The transformed clones contained in addition a new extrachromosomal element of somewhat lower electrophoretic mobility hybridizing with pC194, and pC194 in multimeric forms. pC194 was also transferred from one B. thuringiensis variety to another and from Bacillus thuringiensis to Bacillus subtilis and vice versa by a conjugation-like process, requiring close cell-to-cell contact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402002
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial mesosomes: Method dependent artifacts (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 19-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacillus cereus ; Mesosomes ; Chemical fixation ; Cryofixation ; Freeze-substitution ; Freeze-fracturing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence of mesosomes was investigated during septum formation of vegetative and sporulating cells of Bacillus cereus. It has been demonstrated that bacterial mesosomes which are considered by numerous microbiologists as an integrated constituent of Gram positive bacteria, are in reality artifacts arising during the preparation for electron microscopy. The conventional fixation methods allowed enough time for the cytoplasmic membrane to react to the changed conditions and to form the typical pocket-like membrane invaginations. With cryofixation followed by freeze-substitution it was shown in ultrathin sections that mesosomes do not occur. The extremely rapid freezing and the substitution of the ice by an organic solvent containing the fixative prevented the formation of membraneous artifacts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00527066
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