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  • Chemistry  (25)
  • Atomic and molecular processes in external fields, including interactions with strong fields and short pulses  (13)
  • Quantum information  (13)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constrained background bilinearization with a generalized simulated annealing algorithm (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 7 (1993), S. 369-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Simulated annealing ; Constrained background bilinearization ; Calibration ; Two-way bilinear data ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Generalized simulated annealing (GSA) is an optimization technique for locating the global optimum. In this paper GSA was used as the optimization procedure in the constrained background bilinearization (CBBL) of two-way bilinear data in order to reduce the possibility of sinking into local optima. The behaviour of the algorithm and its comparison with the modified Powell algorithm were studied by simulations and real fluorescence excitation-emission data for organic dye mixtures.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180070504
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of dose rate on emulsion and microemulsion polymerization of styrene (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 257-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: nucleation mechanism ; emulsion polymerization ; microemulsion polymerization ; irradiation polymerization ; styrene ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Emulsion and microemulsion polymerization of styrene were initiated with a gamma ray to study the effect of dose rate on polymerization. In both systems, there is an apparent plateau of polymerization rate in the curve of reaction rate vs. conversion. It was shown that emulsion polymerization conformed to the Smith-Ewart theory very well. Changing the dose rate in interval 2 had no great influence on polymerization rate, but it changed the average lifetime of radicals in polymer particles and affected the molecular weight of polymer produced. For microemulsion polymerization it was assumed that in the plateau it is the number of growing polymer particles being kept constant, not the number of polymer particles. When the dose rate was changed while the polymerization came into the constant period, the polymerization rate and the molecular weight of the polymer varied with the dose rate. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 257-262, 1998
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seeded microemulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 2631-2635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: microemulsion polymerization ; seeded polymerization ; butyl acrylate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The seeded microemulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate was studied with γ-rays. The hydrodynamic diameter and its distribution of polymer particles in the seeded microemulsion before and after polymerization were determined with photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). Though there were micelles in the microemulsion, it was found that new particle formation could be ignored during polymerization. The polymerization kinetics of the seeded microemulsion was investigated. The polymerization rate increases with the dose rate and added monomer content and decreases with the seed fraction. It was completely different from that for seeded emulsion polymerization. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 36: 2631-2635, 1998
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the transesterification of polycarbonate/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends. I: Mechanisms and extent of reaction (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 34 (1994), S. 301-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: polycarbonate/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends ; transesterification ; reaction mechanism ; reaction extent ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Transesterification of polycarbonate/poly(ethylene-terephthalate) (PC/PET) blends and the reaction extent were investigated by DSC, FTIR, 1H NMR and Soxhlet extraction. A new characteristic peak appeared in the FTIR spectrum of PC/PET blends after heat treatment, which indicates that new copolymers were formed in the transesterification of the PC/PET blends. The reaction extent was characterized by the absorbance ratios of the FTIR characteristic bands. The reaction extent was associated not only with the reaction conditions but also with the composition of the blends. These results were confirmed by chemical analysis of the extracted products in CH2Cl2 solvent and FTIR analysis. For all the blends studied, the blend with 50/50 wt% had the highest reaction extent. The reaction mechanisms and extent were also confirmed by 1H NMR analysis.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210340309
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the transesterification of polycarbonate/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends. II: Effect of transesterification on the compatibility and crystallization behaviour of the blends (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 34 (1994), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: PC/PET blends ; transesterification ; compatibility ; crystallization behaviour ; melting behaviour ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of transesterification on the compatibility of polycarbonate poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PC/PET) blends and the crystallization and melting behaviour of PET was studied. The results show that with increase of the reaction extent, the compatibility of the blends was enhanced during melt-processing, from completely incompatible to partially compatible, then to complete compatibility. In addition, with the increase of reaction extent, the crystallization ability and crystallinity of PET decreased. A new endotherm peak was discerned in DSC thermograms and its position and peak area were closely related to the reaction conditions, which was explained by the changes in the crystalline regions in the PC/PET blends. The effect of transesterification on the multiple melting behaviour of PET in PC/PET blends is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210340310
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on organosilicon reactive intermediates. VI. Photolysis of trisilanes containing heterocyclesDedicated to Prof. Yao-Zeng Huang on the occasion of his eightieth birthday. (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Heteroatom Chemistry 3 (1992), S. 589-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7163
    Keywords: Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Both 2-phenyl-2-furylhexamethyltrisilane (1) and 2-phenyl-2-thienylhexamethyltrisilane (2) were synthesized by conventional organometallic reactions. The photolysis of 1 in the presence of 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene led to normal silylene-olefin addition and silylene C—H insertion reactions. However, when 2 was photolyzed in a methanol-cyclohexene system, an apparent radical reaction occurred. We suspect that the sulfur atom of the thienyl group strongly stabilizes a silyl radical. This result was supported by both identifying its typical radical reaction products and examining the ESR spectrum of its adduct with a radical trap.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hc.520030522
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crown ether substituted polysiloxanes as stationary phases for open tubular column gas chromatography (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Microcolumn Separations 3 (1991), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-7685
    Keywords: crown ether substituted polysiloxanes ; capillary columns ; stationary phases ; phenols ; open tubular columns ; capillary column gas chromatography ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two new crown ether substituted polysiloxanes, 4-propylbenzo-15-crown-5polysiloxane(PSO-B-15C5) and propyloxydibenzo-14-crown-4polysiloxane (PSO-DB-14C4), were prepared and used as stationary phases coated on fused-silica open tubular columns. The chromatographic characteristics, including column efficiency, polarity, phase transition temperature, allowable operating temperature range and selectivity, were studied. A unique selectivity of these columns was found for the separation of all six dimethylphenol isomers. The separation mechanism is discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220030205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation on damping behavior and morphology of polyurethane/polymethacrylates and polyacrylates interpenetrating polymer networks (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 1191-1197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Simultaneous Interpenetrating Networks (SINs) were synthesized based on polyepichlorohydrin glycol (PECG), toluene diiocyanate (TDI), and trihydroxymethyl propane (TMP) as network I; and methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA), methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), and ethyleneglycol dimethylacrylate (EGLM), respectively as network II. Damping behavior of the SINs was studied by a dynamic viscoelastometer. It was found that loss factor, tan δ, of PU/PEMA and PU/PEA is much higher than that of PU/PMMA and PU/PMA. The present authors consider that the length of pendant groups has an influence on the height of tan δ in the interpenetrating structure. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photos show that the SINs possess multiphase structures. These two networks are dispersed in a system microheterogeneously. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070540901
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring of lamination processes in an autoclave with fiber-optic infrared spectroscopy (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995), S. 667-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Curing reactions of certain laminates involve a series of chemical structure changes which occur with increasing temperature and/or pressure. This paper describes the use of a midinfrared chalcogenide fiber to monitor the lamination of polymer prepregs in an autoclave. The fiber optic was used both as a wave guide and as a sensing element for acquiring evanescent wave spectra. The spectra were measured by embedding the fiber optic in a polymer prepreg package. The polymer prepregs studied include epoxy, polyimide, and bismaleimide triazine (BT) resins. The degree of cure and an understanding of the kinetic processes were obtained from the absorbance changes in specific bands. This in situ sampling technique demonstrates a new area of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for following the formation of polymeric bonds. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070560604
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Special effect of epoxy resin E-44 on compatibility and mechanical properties of poly(butylene terephthalate)/polyamide-6 blends (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 1803-1810 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An attempt was made to modify the properties of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) by blending it with polyamide-6 (PA-6). Since PBT and PA-6 are incompatible, epoxy resin was used as a compatibilizer to form an alloy. Alloys of PBT and PA-6 with varying amounts (0-12%) of epoxy resin E-44 were prepared by melt blending. The notched Izod impact strength and flexural strength as a function of epoxy resin E-44 content were studied. Ultimate mechanical properties showed significant improvement on addition of epoxy resin E-44. The maximum increase of the notched Izod impact strength (≈600%) of PBT/PA-6 blends is obtained at 3% (weight) epoxy resin E-44 content. The impact fracture surfaces were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM): The SEM micrographs showed a noticeable change in the type of surface structure on adding epoxy resin E-44. DMTA also showed improved compatibility between PBT and PA-6 on adding epoxy resin E-44. DSC studies showed that the presence of epoxy resin E-44 hindered the crystallization of both PBT and PA-6 in the alloys. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) showed no obvious difference on crystallinity of PBT and PA-6 in the alloys with the presence of a small amount of epoxy resin E-44. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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