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  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics  (16)
  • Natural hybrids  (2)
  • Valency of first-row atoms  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 63 (1983), S. 511-527 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Valency of first-row atoms ; Free valence ; Bond indices ; Natural hybrids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A quantum chemical definition of valency proposed in Part I is used to calculate the valency of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, lithium, beryllium and boron in a number of compounds with the SINDO1 method. It is demonstrated that consistency of the basis set is necessary for comparable results. The general features of valency and bonding in these molecules are discussed. The π-electron concept of free valence is generalised to sigma systems and atoms in molecules are classified as subvalent, normal or hypervalent. The relation between valency and natural hybrid occupancy is illustrated. The symmetry properties of natural hybrid orbitals are discussed by means of group theory. A preliminary attempt is made to relate covalency and covalent reactivity. Bond indices and the σ, π character of bonds are obtained by a suitable partitioning and projection of valency into bonding and antibonding contributions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 63 (1983), S. 511-527 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Valency of first-row atoms ; Free valence ; Bond indices ; Natural hybrids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A quantum chemical definition of valency proposed in Part I is used to calculate the valency of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, lithium, beryllium and boron in a number of compounds with the SINDO1 method. It is demonstrated that consistency of the basis set is necessary for comparable results. The general features of valency and bonding in these molecules are discussed. The π-electron concept of free valence is generalised to sigma systems and atoms in molecules are classified as subvalent, normal or hypervalent. The relation between valency and natural hybrid occupancy is illustrated. The symmetry properties of natural hybrid orbitals are discussed by means of group theory. A preliminary attempt is made to relate covalency and covalent reactivity. Bond indices and the σ, π character of bonds are obtained by a suitable partitioning and projection of valency into bonding and antibonding contributions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 23 (1983), S. 887-890 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The carbene reaction 1CH2 + C2H6 was studied with the semiempirical method SINDO 1. The pertinent transition states and products were obtained by geometry optimization on a CI surface. We find the insertion reaction forming C3H8 greatly favored compared to the double insertion leading to CH4 + C2H4. The result is qualitatively the same for the reaction of the two possible intermediate radicals CH3 and C2H5. The geometries and energies of all transition states are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 27 (1985), S. 461-464 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rotational invariance of the Fock equations is investigated. It is demonstrated that the inclusion of d functions requires additional hybrid integrals which do not occur in the original version of INDDO. Calculations are performed with SINDO1 on binding energies, ionization potentials, and dipole moments to show the differences between the various levels of approximation.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 28 (1985), S. 703-713 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A formalism was developed in the multiconfigurational variation of moments (MCM) framework, which yields physically meaningful orbital energies for occupied and virtual orbitals starting from self-consistent field (SCF) calculations. This is possible through a skillful distribution of the correlation energy on the orbital energies. The application of this method is demonstrated by SINDO1 calculations on the dissociation of H2 and the following symmetry-forbidden reactions: (1) torsion of ethylene; (2) ring opening of (a) cyclobutene, and (b) cyclopropyl cation; (3) cycloreversion of 1, 1-dicyano-2-methoxycyclobutane. The allowed reactions corresponding to 2a and 2b are investigated in the SCF scheme. The energy hypersurfaces are calculated for all reactions and the MO correlation diagrams are presented and discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 38 (1990), S. 129-138 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization mechanism of tetramethylenes was reinvestigated under inclusion of solvent effects. The approach of a methanol molecule to a borderline diradical, a typical diradical, and a typical zwitterion was studied by a valence, charge, and dipole moment analysis of SINDO1 calculations. Whereas the solvent molecule has no effect on the character of the zwitterion, the borderline diradical was found to switch to a zwitterion at the approach of the methanol molecule if the distance between the donor carbon and the methanol oxygen is below 2 Å. A similar switch of character was observed for the typical diradical at CO distances below 1.5 Å. From energy considerations it is concluded that borderline diradicals can follow a zwitterionic polymerization mechanism in polar solvents, whereas typical diradicals are much less likely to do so.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 37 (1990), S. 403-414 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The LCAO method is used for a discussion of the π electron approximation. The Hückel method is presented and rephrased on the basis of Löwdin orthogonalized orbitals. The background of the Pariser-Parr-Pople model Hamiltonian is illuminated and the method is derived from first principles. The parametrization is discussed and the scope reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 265-277 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The semiempirical MO method SINDO1 is extended to second-row atoms from sodium to chlorine. The basis set has a provision to include d orbitals. To retain rotational invariance in a d orbital set, a number of hybrid integrals has to be included that invalidate the zero differential overlap (ZDO) assumption even in a symmetrically orthogonalized basis set. The inclusion of d orbitals rendered the set-up of integral calculation of the original INDO method impractical. Instead of one subroutine for each integral, all explicitly calculated integrals (overlap, core, electronic repulsion) are now contained in a single subroutine under unifying aspects. The parametrization scheme includes pseudopotentials and adjusts the total energy under inclusion of zero point energies to experimental heats of formation of ground states. The vibrational frequencies for the calculation of zero point energies are obtained from calculated force constants and G matrix elements by a scaling procedure. The results for geometries, energies, and dipole moments are compared with MNDO data.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 28 (1985), S. 691-701 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A multiconfigurational variation of moments (MCM) is presented to determine correlated orbital energies. Appropriate multiconfigurational one-particle operators are introduced starting for closed-shell systems from the restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) scheme and for open-shell system from the unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) scheme. The advantage of these operators is the linear form of the correlation energy in the configuration interaction (CI) coefficients. They obey HF analogous pseudoeigenvalue equations and are therefore a generalization of the HF operator. In principle, the scheme can be extended to a multiconfiguration self-consistent field (MCSCF) procedure for moments. In contrast to the SCF formalism they allow an orbital description of degeneracy and quasidegeneracy of the highest occupied (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied (LUMO) molecular orbital. With these operators, funnels of thermally forbidden Woodward-Hoffman reactions, as well as dissociations, can be described in a physically meaningful fashion by orbitalcorrelation diagrams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 41 (1992), S. 687-694 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A recently introduced concept of charge and valence for ab initio wave functions is applied to molecules with second-row elements. Mulliken and Löwdin charges and their valence counterparts by Mayer and Gopinathan-Jug are calculated for selected molecules with 4-31G and 6-31G* wave functions and compared with results derived from the new valence concept. It is concluded that the term hypervalence can be reasonalby used in phosphorus compounds PF5 and PCl5 and sulfur compounds SO3 and SF6.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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