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  • 1
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The COLUMBUS program system is a collection of Fortran programs for performing general multireference single- and double-excitation configuration interaction (MRSDCI) wave function optimization based on the graphical unitary group approach. The program system also includes integral generation, SCF and MCSCF orbital optimization, integral transformation, and wave function analysis programs. The original program system was written in 1980 to 1981. Since that time, it has evolved into one of the most popular MRSDCI program systems used in the computational chemistry community. The discussion of this evolution will include the exploitation of efficient matrix-matrix and matrix-vector product computational kernels, the use of generally contracted symmetry-adapted orbital basis sets, general Hamiltonian diagonalization procedures, energy-based internal walk selection, flexible DRT specification, improved coupling-coefficient evaluation methods, coupled-pair functional and multireference CPF capabilities, and density matrix construction. The numerous versions of the program system that are maintained at different sites and on different computers are now in the process of being merged. The source code for this combined version will be made available to the computational chemistry community. The source code for a specific computer may be generated from the source code for another computer by a single pass through a simple filter utility that is included with the program system. The directly supported computers will initially include various models of VAX, Cray, FPS, IBM, CDC, and ETA machines with the addition of other machines shortly thereafter. The ongoing developments of the COLUMBUS system that are discussed include a new method for computing analytic energy gradients for MRSDCI wave functions. This effective-density-matrix based method avoids the “coupled perturbed MCSCF” solutions for each coordinate direction, avoids the transformation of any derivative-integral quantities from the AO to the MO basis, avoids the transformation of the coupling coefficients from the MO to the AO basis, allows a subset of the MCSCF doubly occupied orbitals to be frozen in the CI wave function, and allows the MRSDCI wave function to be generated from general reference CSFs that are not necessarily related to the MCSCF expansion CSFs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 192 (1991), S. 1255-1261 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The photosensitivity in cis-polyphenylacetylene (cis-PPA, polymerized with rare-earth catalysts) can be significantly enhanced by doping the PPA with I2 or FeCl3 and sensitizing with 4-isothiocyanatofluorescein (F-II) or 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF), which are powerful sensitizers. The electrophotographic photoreceptor (P/R) device with cis-PPA + F-II (on Al substrate) appeared preferable in photosensitivity enhancement and showed good photosensitivity: dark decay 1,8 V/s; maximum rate of discharge 321 V/s; residual surface potential 22 V; discharge 89, 1%; photosensitivity 2,96 s-1. This is a new “family” of photosensitive materials which can be used in a duplicator.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 192 (1991), S. 309-315 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A neodymium complex supported on an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVA · Nd) was prepared for the first time and the polymerization of styrene in the presence of a new type of catalyst system composed of this complex was studied. The new catalytic system [EVA · Nd—Al(i-Bu)3—CCl4] (i-Bu = isobutyl) is characterized by its catalytic activity in comparison with that of conventional rare-earth catalysts. When [Nd] = 10-3 mol/L, [Styrene] = 5 mol/L, [Al]/[Nd] = 120 and [CCl4]/[Nd] = 35, then the conversion to polystyrene (PS) was 55% in 6 h, and the catalytic activity reached 1972 g PS/g Nd which is higher by a factor of 45 than that of conventional rare-earth catalysts. The polymerization reaction shows a short induction period where the rate is first order with respect to the monomer concentration. The activation energy is 27,6 kJ/mol. This polymerization may proceed according to a free-radical or a Ziegler-type coordination mechanism.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 1873-1879 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: combined catalyst system ; polymerization ; polyphenylacetylene film ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The simultaneous polymerization and formation of polyphenylacetylene film by Nd(P204)3-Fe(AA)3-Al(i-Bu)3 catalyst system have been investigated. The combined catalytic effects between rare earth phosphonates with MT(naph)x or Fe(AA)3 systems are first proposed and compared. The polymerization features and kinetic behaviors with Nd(P204)3-Fe(AA)3-Al(i-Bu)3 system are described and discussed. The combined catalytic effects have the following order, respectively: Fe ≫ Co 〉 Cr 〉 Mn-Ni, Nd(P204)3-Nd(P507)3 〉 Nd(P350)3 and Tb 〉 Sm 〉 Yb 〉 Ho 〉 Lu 〉 Dy 〉 Nd-Er-Pr 〉 Y-Tm 〉 Ce 〉 Gd 〉 La. The overall polymerization activation energy was found to be 20.8 kJ/mol showing coordination-anionic polymerization characteristic. PPA films so obtained are very similar to the rare earth ones. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 18 (1997), S. 875-882 
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Monocyclopentadienyltitanium trichloride (CpTiCl3) was directly immobilized on silica surface. The resulting CpTiCl3/SiO2-MAO was investigated in view of its suitability for syndiospecific polymerization of styrene using ESR spectroscopy. Polymerization results show that both the syndiotacticity and the activity decrease upon immobilization. A possible explanation is that the active sites may become aspecific after immobilization and part of the immobilized active sites can be leached into the solution in the presence of MAO.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Microcolumn Separations 5 (1993), S. 331-339 
    ISSN: 1040-7685
    Keywords: capillary electrophoresis ; chemiluminescence detection ; sheath flow cuvette ; post-column reaction ; amino acids ; isoluminol thiocarbamyl derivatives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A post-column reactor was designed for chemiluminescence detection in the capillary electrophoresis separation of isoluminol thiocarbamyl derivatives of amino acids. This system was characterized with respect to hydrogen peroxide concentration and flow rate, surfactant concentration, microperoxidase concentration, and mixing distance. A linear calibration curve (R 〉0.999) was constructed for isoluminol ranging from at least 30 femtomoles to the detection limit of 40 attomoles injected; the dynamic range of the instrument is at least three orders of magnitude. Detection limit for the isoluminol thiocarbamyl derivative of valine was 500 attomoles. The theoretical plate counts for the raw data are typically 1 × 105 for labeled amino acids, and a factor of two better for isoluminol.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 268-276 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methods for the analysis of domoic acid (DA) based upon capillary electrophoresis (CE) combined with UV absorbance detection were investigated. DA could be analyzed using bare fused-silica capillaries in either the cationic or anionic mode with acidic or basic buffer systems, respectively. Highest performance, in terms of both separation efficiency and analysis time, was achieved with phosphate or borate buffers at a pH of approximately 9. The addition of (3-cyclodextrin to the borate buffer permitted a separation of DA and several of its isomers (isodomoic acids) that was superior to that achieved with liquid chromatography (LC). The optimum background electrolyte for the separation was 22.5 mM sodium tetraborate at pH 9.2 with 20 mM (3-cyclodextrin. In addition, an extraction and clean-up procedure was developed and tested with mussels, clams and anchovies. Aqueous methanol extraction of samples followed by a tandem strong anion and strong cation exchange clean-up provided an extract that was completely compatible with CE analysis. A mass detection limit of 3 pg of DA injected and a method detection limit of 150 ng/g in tissues could be achieved. Comparison with LC showed that comparable precision and accuracy could be attained by the two techniques.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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