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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-06-16
    Description: Author(s): C. Lang, D. Bozyigit, C. Eichler, L. Steffen, J. M. Fink, A. A. Abdumalikov, Jr., M. Baur, S. Filipp, M. P. da Silva, A. Blais, and A. Wallraff Creating a train of single photons and monitoring its propagation and interaction is challenging in most physical systems, as photons generally interact very weakly with other systems. However, when confining microwave frequency photons in a transmission line resonator, effective photon-photon inter... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 243601] Published Wed Jun 15, 2011
    Keywords: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-09-07
    Description: Author(s): C. Eichler, D. Bozyigit, C. Lang, M. Baur, L. Steffen, J. M. Fink, S. Filipp, and A. Wallraff Continuous variable entanglement between two modes of a radiation field is usually studied at optical frequencies. Here we demonstrate experiments that show the entanglement between microwave photons of different energy in a broadband squeezed beam. We use a Josephson parametric amplifier to generat... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 113601] Published Tue Sep 06, 2011
    Keywords: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 9 (1996), S. 223-235 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Cotesia marginiventris ; Diolcogaster facetosa ; Aleiodes nolophanae ; Mesochorus discitergus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We examined the searching behavior of a guild of primary parasitoids which attack the green cloverworm,Plathypena scabra (Fabricius), as well as that of an associated hyperparasitoid. We hypothesized that self-superparasitism is an important constraint on the foraging behavior of primary parasitoids, and therefore these parasitoids should avoid portions of the soybean canopy where parasitized caterpillars accumulate. Conversely, we hypothesized that the hyperparasitoid preferentially searches parts of the canopy where parasitized caterpillars accumulate. In a greenhouse experiment, we found that exposure to parasitoids [eitherCotesia marginiventris (Cresson) orDiolcogaster facetosa Ashmead] resulted in the accumulation of caterpillars lower in the canopy. In a field experiment, we measured the amount of time parasitoids spent searching in each of three strata (upper, middle, bottom) of the soybean canopy. Leaf area in each stratum was used to calculate expected values for search effort. The time spent searching each of the strata was proportional to leaf area for all primary parasitoids, exceptD. facetosa, which spent significantly more time searching the top stratum of plants than predicted by leaf area in that stratum. The hyperparasitoidMesochorus discitergus (Say) tended to search the bottom stratum of the canopy. Thus only one of the three primary parasitoids appears to search in a manner that would reduce its rate of encounter with previously parasitized green cloverworms. The hyperparasitoid searching pattern may increase its probability of encountering parasitized caterpillars, thereby increasing its foraging success.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Cotesia marginiventris ; Diolcogaster facetosa ; Aleiodes nolophanae ; mandibulate parasitoid larvae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les larves dePlathypena scabra (Lep.: Noctuidae) sont parasitées par trois espèces d'Hyménoptères parasitoïdes qui pondent souvent dans trois stades larvaires consécutifs de l'hôte. Nous avons étudié le choix de l'hôte par les adultes et les relations de compétition entre les larves de ces trois parasitoïdes. La faculté d'éviter le superparasitisme a été étudiée chezCotesia marginiventris (Cresson) etDiolcogaster facetosa Ashmead. Des larves deP. scabra parasitées 6 h plus tôt par une autre femelle de la même espèce ou des larves non parasitées ont été offertes à des femelles de ces deux espèces de parasitoïdes. Dans ces conditions,C. marginiventris attaque un nombre semblable deP. scabra parasités et non parasités alors queD. facetosa attaque 31% de moins deP. scabra parasitées que non parasitées. La faculté d'éviter le multiparasitisme a également été étudiée chezD. facetosa dans une expérience similaire. Bien que les femelles deD. facetosa parasitent moins deP. scabra attaquées 6 h plus tôt parC. marginiventris, la réduction du parasitisme était seulement d'environ 23%. Dans les situations de compétition, les larves deD. facetosa l'emportaient sur celles deC. marginiventris. Aleiodes (=Rogas) nolophanae (Ashmead) était éliminé lorsque les larves de cette espèce étaient mises en compétition avecC. marginiventris ou avecD. facetosa si le délai entre les 2 ovipositions était inférieur à une heure, mais leur degré de compétitivité augmentait lorsque le délai était supérieur à 32 h après l'oviposition initiale.
    Notes: Abstract Three hymenopteran parasitoids that attackPlathypena scabra (F.) larvae often oviposit into consecutive instars of the host. We investigated host discrimination by adults and competitive interactions among larvae of these three parasitoid species. Avoidance of superparasitism byCotesia marginiventris (Cresson) andDiolcogaster facetosa Ashmead was tested. Females of each species were presented either withP. scabra parasitized by a different female of the same species 6 h earlier or unparasitizedP. scabra. Under these conditions,C. marginiventris attacked similar numbers of parasitized and unparasitized hosts.D. facetosa attacked 31% fewer parasitized than unparasitizedP. scabra. The avoidance of multiple parasitism byD. facetosa was studied in a similar bioassay. AlthoughD. facetosa females parasitized fewerP. scabra that had been attacked byC. marginiventris 6 h previously, the reduction in parasitism was only about 23%. In competition studies, immatureD. facetosa were better competitors than immatureC. marginiventris. Aleiodes (=Rogas) nolophanae (Ashmead) was an inferior competitor against bothC. marginiventris andD. facetosa when the duration between parasitism events was 1 h, but their competitive ability increased when they multiply parasitized hosts at least 32 h after the initial oviposition.
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