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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tandem GC/MS: A useful tool for studying end-capping reactions of oligo(styryl)lithium anions (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 1957-1967 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: end-capping reactions ; oligo(styryl)lithium anions ; gas chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Anionic living polymerization methods, using organometallic initiators such as butyllithium reagents, have proven useful for, inter alia, styrene polymerization and are amenable to subsequent functionalization of poly(styryl)lithium in the termination step. In this study, general methods for the selective preparation of small styrene oligomers and termination of the intermediate oligo(styryl)lithium anions were investigated. The crude reaction mixtures were analyzed directly by tandem gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Of the carbon- and silicon-based electrophiles tested, chloro(chloroalkyl)silanes, Cl-SiR2(CH2)nCl in particular, were shown by GC/MS to be regioselective end-capping reagents, thus allowing subsequent transformation to the primary amine. The combined GC/MS data allow not only an estimate of the degree of functionalization, but also the identification of by-products, thus providing insight into the end-capping process that otherwise might be difficult to access. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080331202
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal arene complexation of polybenzyl: Preparation and methylation (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 1717-1723 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polymeric arene chromium tricarbonyl complex ; complexation percentage ; thermal decomposition ; polymeric arene complex methylation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polybenzyl has been complexed with the chromium tricarbonyl moiety by thermal treatment with chromium hexacarbonyl. The aryl rings of the product were complexed with the chromium tricarbonyl moiety to the extent of 41-63%. Assessment of the degree of complexation was satisfactorily carried out by elemental chromium analysis or by 13C-NMR methods which agreed within 5%. GPC was less satisfactory. TGA analysis of the complexed polymers suggested the possibility of cross-linking on thermal treatment. The benzylic groups of the polymer complex were methylated with base and methyl iodide in up to 88% of the complexed arene activated methylene groups. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300824
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multi-technique study of the spontaneous oxidation of N-hexane plasma polymers (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 1399-1414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: plasma polymers ; oxidation ; XPS ; FTIR ; SEM ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Long-term compositional changes were observed when n-hexane plasma polymers were stored in air at ambient temperature. These post-deposition changes were monitored over periods exceeding one year using XPS, grazing angle FTIR, and SEM. A rapid initial increase in the oxygen content was followed by a slower oxygen uptake, which continued for many months. In contrast to the reported autocatalytic acceleration of the oxidation of polyolefins, the rate of oxidation of n-hexane plasma polymers was found to decrease continuously, and it did not proceed to the same extent toward higher oxidation states. The plasma polymer coatings did not show physical manifestations of oxidative degradation such as cracking, reduction in thickness, or loss of physical integrity. Comparison of the XPS and FTIR data suggested that the top few nanometers of the plasma polymer coatings oxidized at a faster rate than the “bulk.” The experimental data were interpreted using a model comprising reactions known from the oxidative degradation of polyolefins: carbon-centered radicals, trapped in the course of the plasma deposition, combine with atmospheric oxygen to form metastable peroxy radicals and hydroperoxides, which decompose to generate a variety of stable product groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxylic groups. There was broad agreement between the XPS data and the time dependence of particular species in model calculations. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320801
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deposition conditions influence the postdeposition oxidation of methyl methacrylate plasma polymer films (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 985-1000 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: plasma polymers ; methyl methacrylate ; oxidation ; long-term stability ; XPS ; FTIR ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Plasma polymer films were deposited from methyl methacrylate (MMA) vapor under various plasma conditions and XPS and FTIR used to study the changes to the compositions of the films as they were stored in air for longer than 1 year. The plasma power input per monomer mass unit (W/FM) markedly affected the composition of the freshly deposited MMA plasma polymers. A low value of W/FM led to a high degree of retention of the original monomer structure, whereas a high value of W/FM resulted in substantial monomer fragmentation and the formation of a partially unsaturated material considerably different to conventional PMMA. As the MMA plasma coatings were stored in ambient air after fabrication, all showed spontaneous oxidative changes to their composition, but the extents and reaction products differed substantially. Deposition at low W/FM led to moderate oxidative changes, whereas high power led to a pronounced increase in the oxygen content over time and resulted in a wide range of carbon-oxygen functionalities in the aged material. As the initial compositions/plasma deposition conditions thus influenced the oxidative postdeposition reactions, MMA plasma polymers deposited under different conditions not only varied in their initial composition but then became even more diverse as they aged. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 985-1000, 1998
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of water vapor plasma-modified polyimide (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 2189-2202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: To enhance polyimide-to-polyimide adhesion, we have investigated the effect of surface modification in water vapor plasma. The use of a water vapor plasma to treat a fully cured polyimide (PMDA-ODA) surface before subsequent layers of polyimide are applied results in dramatically enhanced interfacial adhesion. The polyimide-to-polyimide interfacial adhesion strength attained following water vapor plasma treatment exceeds the cohesive strength of the applied polyimide layer. The effect of surface modification in water vapor plasma on metal-to-polyimide adhesion has also been investigated. The use of a water vapor plasma to treat a fully cured polyimide (PMDA-ODA) surface prior to metallization results in increased metal-to-polymer interfacial adhesion. A study of both electroless and vacuum-deposited metal was conducted. The use of contact-angle measurements, peel tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, optical emission spectroscopy, nuclear forward scattering, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has led us to a preliminary understanding of the resulting surface modification and the subsequent effect of adhesion promotion. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070461216
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Planar organosilicon polymers (1971)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 9 (1971), S. 143-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Work on two sheet organosilicon polymers, one derived from the mineral chrysotile and the other from the mineral apophyllite, is described. This work provides direct evidence that both these polymers are composed of sheets. In addition, it shows that in the chrysotile-derived polymer the sheets curl into scrolls, and that in the apophyllite-derived polymer the sheets are essentially flat.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1971.160090110
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The miscibility of polymers: Interaction parameter for polybutadiene with polystyreneThe experiments reported here were performed under the sponsorship of The Aeronautical Systems Division, Air Force Systems Command, U. S. Air Force. (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 1499-1508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We have measured the solubility of mixtures of polybutadiene and polystyrene in toluene, benzene, and carbon tetrachloride, using polymers of various molecular weights and mixed in various proportions. The equations developed by Maron for solutions of nonelectrolytes have been modified for three components and for solutions of low molecular weight polymers at high concentrations. The application of these equations has provided estimates of the polymer-polymer interaction parameters χ23. The polymer-solvent interaction parameters χ12 and χ13 apparently are functions of the concentration and are not readily obtained from the present limited data.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070427
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expansion of aromatic heterocyclic polymers in salt solution (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 2965-2978 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The addition of lithium chloride to solutions of poly(5,5′-bibenzimidazole-2,2′-diyl-1,3-phenylene) (PBI) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) resulted in the elongation of the PBI molecule in solution. This elongation is due to the association of lithium and/or chloride ions in the region of the nitrogen atoms on the polymer chain. The presence of these ions expands the polymer chain by means of electrostatic repulsion. This effect was reflected in the results of the conductivity and viscosity studies. In general, LiCl can be used for both increased solubility and increased viscosity for this system. A ratio of 0.125 g LiCl/gram PBI was determined to be the optimum amount of LiCl to be added. This amount corresponds to mole of LiCl for every mole of PBI repeat unit. The PBI molecule was determined to have entanglements in concentrated solution at every 27 or 28 molecules along the polymer chain. This length between the entanglements is very low in comparison to other polymers indicating a strongly matrixed system. The chain length between entanglements was approximately the same for both PBI-DMAC and PBI-LiCl solutions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070221022
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retrieval and analysis of a clinical total artificial heart (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 20 (1986), S. 417-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Examination by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray microanalysis of a clinical total artificial heart (TAH) implanted for 112 days revealed no evidence of calcification, pannus, or vegetative thrombus. A macroscopic thrombus was seen along the suture line in the right atrium but did not obstruct blood flow or valve function. Microscopic thrombi (〈0.1 mm) and evidence of microemboli were observed on the pumping diaphragm using SEM. Characterization of selected polyetherurethane (PEU) samples from the pumping bladders and housing by Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry (Py-MS) revealed unexpected differences between postmortem retrieved ventricles. Although the origin of these differences could be traced back to batch-to-batch variations in the original PEU material (Biomer), the precise nature of the observed differences in chemical structure and/or composition is still unknown. Numerical comparison between pyrolysis mass spectra from PEU samples exposed to blood or tissue and unexposed samples from the same ventricles did not detect evidence of biodegradation. Continual improvements in fabrication and quality control should minimize surface imperfections and ensure polymer reproducibility; however, existing materials and design parameters appear to be adequate for continued clinical implantation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820200402
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum Modeling of the CVD of transition metal materialsThe study of model CVD reactions was initiated by grants from the University of Memphis (UM) and Air Force Office of Scientific Research. More recently, support has come from the National Science Foundation (CHE-9314792 and CHE-9614346). This CVD research has resulted primarily from the hard work of many UM undergraduate and graduate students. Stimulating discussions with experimental collaborators has added, and continues to add, much to our appreciation of CVD. S.S. thanks Dr. Laura Armesto, Dean of Arts and Sciences, for her support. (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Vapor Deposition 3 (1997), S. 183-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0948-1907
    Keywords: Chemical vapor deposition ; Quantum mechanics ; Molecular orbital theory ; Organometallics ; Transition metals ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Quantum mechanical studies of the decomposition pathways of model OMCVD precursors are analyzed, in particular kinetic trends as a function of OMCVD precursors components-metal (M), element (E), ancillary ligands (Ln), element substituents (Z), transfer group (At) and leaving group (X), 1. Based on geometric and energetic effects it is possible to further subdivide these components into three groups: active site (M, E), participants (At, X), and spectators (Ln, Z). Considerable progress has been made over the past several years, although many challenges remain in quantum modeling of transition metal materials and reactions pertinent to their CVD from volatile organometallics. Computational improvements in methods and technology are briefly discussed in relation to quantum modeling of OMCVD precursor structure and reactivity. Future directions are considered in which to more closely integrate the results of quantum modeling of OMCVD reactions with other aspects in this diverse research area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.19970030405
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