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  • 1
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    Solid-State Fermentation Bioreactors : Fundamentals of Design and Operation (2006)
    Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Biochemical engineering ; Biotechnology ; Chemistry, Physical organic ; Food science ; Microbiology
    ISBN: 9783540312864
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31286-2
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of the alpha and beta dynein genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 435-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: flagella ; dynein heavy chains ; flagellar ATPase ; sequence homology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We previously cloned portions of the alpha and beta dynein heavy chain genes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by screening a genomic expression library with monoclonal antibodies (Williams et al.: Journal of Cell Biology 103:1-11, 1986). Here we provide further evidence of the identity of these clones and describe the selection of adjacent regions from a large insert genomic library. Southern blots indicate that only a single copy of each gene is present in the Chlamydomonas genome, while Northern blots show that both heavy chains are encoded by 13.5 kilobase mRNAs and that the corresponding transcription units each span approximately 20 kilobase-pairs of genomic DNA. No similarities were detected between restriction maps of the alpha and beta dynein genes, but extensive regions of sequence similarity were identified by the cross-hybridization of cloned gene fragments.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140313
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein-protein interactions in the 18S ATPase of Chlamydomonas outer dynein arms (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 510-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: flagella ; motility ; dynein substructure ; microtubules ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: When outer-row dynein arms are extracted from Chlamydomonas flagellar axonemes, they dissociate into two ATPase complexes with sedimentation coefficients of 12S and 18S. We immunized mice with 18S dynein and generated a library of monoclonal antibodies against the polypeptides in this complex. Antibodies were selected which specifically recognize the 18S α- and β-heavy chains and the 83,000-dalton and 70,000-dalton intermediate chains. These antibodies were isolated and characterized for their ability to recognize determinants on both denatured antigens and native 18S dynein; 18S dynein was dissociated in stepwise fashion into smaller aggregates with ionic and nonionic detergents and the resulting subcomplexes were isolated by precipitation with specific monoclonal antibodies. The smallest aggregates isolated were heterodimers between the α-chain and a 16,000-dalton light chain and between the two intermediate chains. Additional close associations of the β-heavy chain with an 18,000-dalton light chain and 70,000-dalton intermediate chain, and a weaker interaction between the intermediate chain heterodimer and light chains of 21,000 daltons and 12,500 daltons, were also observed. We present a model of 18S dynein substructure based upon this information.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060510
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  • 4
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    An Intercomparison of Microphysical Retrieval Algorithms for Upper Tropospheric Ice Clouds (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: The large horizontal extent, location in the cold upper troposphere, and ice composition make cirrus clouds important modulators of the earth's radiation budget and climate. Cirrus cloud microphysical properties are difficult to measure and model because they are inhomogeneous in nature and their ice crystal size distribution and habit are not well characterized. Accurate retrievals of cloud properties are crucial for improving the representation of cloud scale processes in large-scale models and for accurately predicting the earth's future climate. A number of passive and active remote sensing retrieval algorithms exist for estimating the microphysical properties of upper tropospheric clouds. We believe significant progress has been made in the evolution of these retrieval algorithms in the last decade, however, there is room for improvement. Members of the Atmospheric Radiation measurement program (ARM) Cloud properties Working Group are involved in an intercomparison of optical depth(tau), ice water path, and characteristic particle size in clouds retrieved using ground-based instruments. The goals of this intercomparison are to evaluate the accuracy of state-of-the-art algorithms, quantify the uncertainties, and make recommendations for improvement.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
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  • 5
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    Contributions of the ARM Program to Radiative Transfer Modeling for Climate and Weather Applications (2016)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Accurate climate and weather simulations must account for all relevant physical processes and their complex interactions. Each of these atmospheric, ocean, and land processes must be considered on an appropriate spatial and temporal scale, which leads these simulations to require a substantial computational burden. One especially critical physical process is the flow of solar and thermal radiant energy through the atmosphere, which controls planetary heating and cooling and drives the large-scale dynamics that moves energy from the tropics toward the poles. Radiation calculations are therefore essential for climate and weather simulations, but are themselves quite complex even without considering the effects of variable and inhomogeneous clouds. Clear-sky radiative transfer calculations have to account for thousands of absorption lines due to water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases, which are irregularly distributed across the spectrum and have shapes dependent on pressure and temperature. The line-by-line (LBL) codes that treat these details have a far greater computational cost than can be afforded by global models. Therefore, the crucial requirement for accurate radiation calculations in climate and weather prediction models must be satisfied by fast solar and thermal radiation parameterizations with a high level of accuracy that has been demonstrated through extensive comparisons with LBL codes. See attachment for continuation.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN35638
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  • 6
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    Radar Observations of Asteroid 1620 Geographos (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: Goldstone radar observations of Geographos from August 28 through September 2, 1994 yield over 400 delay-Doppler images whose linear spatial resolutions range from approx. 75 to approx. 151 in, and 138 pairs of dual-polarization (OC, SC) spectra with one-dimensional resolution of 103 m. Each data type provides thorough rotational coverage. The images contain an intrinsic north/south ambiguity, but the equatorial view allows accurate determination of the shape of the radar-facing part of the asteroid's pole-on silhouette at any rotation phase. Sums of co-registered images that cover nearly a full rotation have defined the extremely elongated shape of that silhouette. Here we present individual images and co-registered sums over approx. 30 deg of rotation phase that show the silhouette's structural characteristics in finer detail and also reveal numerous contrast features "inside" the silhouette. Those features include several candidate craters as well as indications of other sorts of large-scale topographic relief, including a prominent central indentation. Protuberances at the asteroid's ends may be related to the pattern of ejecta removal and deposition caused by the asteroid's gravity field. The asteroid's surface is homogeneous and displays only modest roughness at centimeter-to-meter scales. Our estimates of radar cross section and the currently available constraints on the asteroid's dimensions are consistent with a near-surface bulk density between 2 and 3 g/cu cm. The delay-Doppler trajectory of Geographos' center of mass has been determined to about 200 m on August 28 and to about 100 m on August 31, an improvement of two orders of magnitude over pre-observation ephemerides.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: Rept-0071 , ICARUS (ISSN 0019-1035); 121; 46-66
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  • 7
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    Inferring Cirrus Size Distributions Through Satellite Remote Sensing and Microphysical Databases (2010)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: Since cirrus clouds have a substantial influence on the global energy balance that depends on their microphysical properties, climate models should strive to realistically characterize the cirrus ice particle size distribution (PSD), at least in a climatological sense. To date, the airborne in situ measurements of the cirrus PSD have contained large uncertainties due to errors in measuring small ice crystals (D〈60 m). This paper presents a method to remotely estimate the concentration of the small ice crystals relative to the larger ones using the 11- and 12- m channels aboard several satellites. By understanding the underlying physics producing the emissivity difference between these channels, this emissivity difference can be used to infer the relative concentration of small ice crystals. This is facilitated by enlisting temperature-dependent characterizations of the PSD (i.e., PSD schemes) based on in situ measurements. An average cirrus emissivity relationship between 12 and 11 m is developed here using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite instrument and is used to retrieve the PSD based on six different PSD schemes. The PSDs from the measurement-based PSD schemes are compared with corresponding retrieved PSDs to evaluate differences in small ice crystal concentrations. The retrieved PSDs generally had lower concentrations of small ice particles, with total number concentration independent of temperature. In addition, the temperature dependence of the PSD effective diameter De and fall speed Vf for these retrieved PSD schemes exhibited less variability relative to the unmodified PSD schemes. The reduced variability in the retrieved De and Vf was attributed to the lower concentrations of small ice crystals in the retrieved PSD.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric Science; 67; 1106-1125
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  • 8
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    Radar Observations of Asteroids 7 Iris, 9 Metis, 12 Victoria, 216 Kleopatra, and 654 Zelinda (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: We report 13-cm wavelength radar observations of the main-belt asteroids 7 Iris, 9 Metis, 12 Victoria, 216 Kleopatra, and 654 Zelinda obtained at Arecibo between 1980 and 1989. The echoes are highly polarized yet broadly distributed in Doppler frequency, indicating that our targets are smooth on decimeter scales but very rough on some scale(s) larger than about I m. The echo spectra are generally consistent with existing size, shape, and spin information based on radiometric, lightcurve, and occultation data. All of our targets possess distinctive radar signatures that reveal large- scale topography. Reflectivity spikes within narrow ranges of rotation phase suggest large flat regions on Iris, Metis, and Zelinda, while bimodal spectra imply nonconvex, possibly bifurcated shapes for Kleopatra and Victoria. Kleopatra has the highest radar albedo yet measured for a main-belt asteroid, indicating a high metal concentration and making Kleopatra the best main-belt candidate for a core remnant of a differentiated and subsequently disrupted parent body. Upon completion of the Arecibo telescope upgrade, there will be several opportunities per year to resolve main-belt asteroids with hundreds of delay-Doppler cells, which can be inverted to provide estimates of both three-dimensional shape and radar scattering properties.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: ICARUS (ISSN 0019-1035); 118; 105-131
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  • 9
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    Radar Observations of Asteroids 1 Ceres, 2 Pallas, and 4 Vesta (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: Asteroids 1 Ceres, 2 Pallas, and 4 Vesta were observed with the 13-cm Arecibo radar and the 3.5-cm Goldstone radar during several apparitions between 1981 and 1995. These observations help to characterize the objects' surface properties. Echoes from Ceres and Pallas are approximately 95% polarized (muon(sub C) = sigm(sub SC)/sigma(sub OC) equivalent to 0.05) in the sense expected for specular (mirror) reflection yet broadly distributed in Doppler frequency, thus revealing surfaces that are smoother than the Moon at decimeter scales but much rougher (rms slopes 〉 20 deg) on larger scales. Slopes on Ceres appear to be somewhat higher when viewed with the 3.5-cm wavelength, a trend that is observed for the terrestrial planets and the Moon. In contrast, echoes from Vesta are significantly depolarized, indicating substantial near-surface complexity at scales near 13 cm (muon(sub C) = 0.24 +/- 0.04) and 3.5 cm (muon(sub C) = 0.32 +/- 0.04), which is probably a consequence of Vesta's relatively strong basaltic surface material and may be a signature of large impact features inferred to be present on the surface. The low radar albedos of Ceres (circumflex-sigma(sub C) = 0.042 +/- 0.006) and Pallas (circumfle-sigma(sub C) = 0.075 +/- 0.011) are in the range expected for surfaces with a carbonaceous chondrite mineralogy. Pallas' distinctly higher albedo implies a approximately 35% higher surface density, which could result from a lower regolith porosity and/or a higher specific gravity (zero-porosity density). Given a porosity of 45%, the specific gravities of the surface materials on Ceres and Pallas would be approximately 2.3 and approximately 3.0 g/cc, respectively, which would be consistent with (1) the presence of an additional silicate component on Pallas' surface (as inferred from spectroscopic observations) and (2) recent mass estimates, which suggest a higher mean (volume-averaged) density for Pallas than for Ceres.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: Rept-0193 , ICARUS (ISSN 0019-1035); 124; 113-133
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  • 10
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    MAVEN Observations of Magnetic Flux Ropes with a Strong Field Amplitude in the Martian Magnetosheath During the ICME Passage on 8 March 2015 (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We present initial results of strong field amplitude flux ropes observed by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission around Mars during the interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) passage on 8 March 2015. The observed durations were shorter than 5 s and the magnetic field magnitudes peaked above 80 nT, which is a few times stronger than those usually seen in the magnetosheath barrier. These are the first unique observations that MAVEN detected such flux ropes with a strong field at high altitudes (greater than 5000 km). Across these structures, MAVEN coincidentally measured planetary heavy ions with energies higher than a few keV. The spatial properties inferred from the Grad-Shafranov equation suggest that the speed of the structure can be estimated at least an order of magnitude faster than those previously reported quiet-time counterparts. Hence, the space weather event like the ICME passage can be responsible for generating the observed strong field, fast-traveling flux ropes.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN40185 , Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 43; 10; 4816-4824
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