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  • Astronomy  (31)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (10)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (4)
  • 1
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    Europa's phase curve - Implications for surface structure (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The surface of the Jovian satellite Europa is characterized on the basis of an analysis of ground photoelectric photometry at 470 and 550 nm and Voyager images. The data are presented in extensive tables and graphs and discussed in detail. At 550 nm, Europa has single-scattering albedo 0.964, opposition-effect amplitude 0.5, opposition-effect width 0.0016, double-lobed Henyey-Greenstein factors b = -0.429 and c = 0.113, and mean roughness angle 10 deg (much lower than on other solar-system objects). From the small roughness and the 96-percent porosity implied by the narrow opposition peak, it is concluded that the surface was formed mainly by endogenic processes. It is also noted that only one of three observational criteria for preferential ion bombardment of the trailing hemisphere are met in Europa.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 90; 30-42
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  • 2
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    SAS-2 observations of gamma rays from the galactic plane (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Preliminary data are given for the SAS-2 high energy galactic gamma ray observation. These data include both latitude and longitude distributions. The longitude distribution shows a high density region. The latitude distributions toward the center and the anti-center are markedly different, the former showing a two-component structure of half-widths of approximately 3 and 6 deg. The energy spectrum in the range 35 to 200 MeV is hard, consistent with cosmic ray interactions with interstellar matter, including neutral pions decay and emission from energetic electron interactions. The data is consistent with an interpretation in terms of the confinement of the cosmic rays in the spiral arms.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ESRO The Context and Status of Gamma Ray Astronomy; p 201-204
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  • 3
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    Studying the High Energy Gamma Ray Sky with Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) (1998)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Building on the success of the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) will make a major step in the study of such subjects as blazars, gamma Ray bursts, the search for dark matter, supernova remnants, pulsars, diffuse radiation, and unidentified high energy sources. The instrument will be built on new and mature detector technologies such as silicon strip detectors, low-power low-noise LSI, and a multilevel data acquisition system. GLAST is in the research and development phase, and one full tower (of 25 total) is now being built in collaborating institutes. The prototype tower will be tested thoroughly at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in the fall of 1999.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 4
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    Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Balloon Flight Engineering Model: Overview (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Large Area Telescope (LAT) is a pair-production high-energy (greater than 20 MeV) gamma-ray telescope being built by an international partnership of astrophysicists and particle physicists for a satellite launch in 2006, designed to study a wide variety of high-energy astrophysical phenomena. As part of the development effort, the collaboration has built a Balloon Flight Engineering Model (BFEM) for flight on a high-altitude scientific balloon. The BFEM is approximately the size of one of the 16 GLAST-LAT towers and contains all the components of the full instrument: plastic scintillator anticoincidence system (ACD), high-Z foil/Si strip pair-conversion tracker (TKR), CsI hodoscopic calorimeter (CAL), triggering and data acquisition electronics (DAQ), commanding system, power distribution, telemetry, real-time data display, and ground data processing system. The principal goal of the balloon flight was to demonstrate the performance of this instrument configuration under conditions similar to those expected in orbit. Results from a balloon flight from Palestine, Texas, on August 4, 2001, show that the BFEM successfully obtained gamma-ray data in this high-background environment.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 5
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    Performance of the Anti-Coincidence Detector on the GLAST Large Area Telescope (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: The Anti-Coincidence Detector (ACD), the outermost detector layer in the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Large Area Telescope (LAT), is designed to detect and veto incident cosmic ray charged particles, which outnumber cosmic gamma rays by 3-4 orders of magnitude. The challenge in ACD design is that it must have high (0.9997) detection efficiency for singly-charged relativistic particles, but must also have a low probability for self-veto of high-energy gammas by backplash radiation from interactions in the LAT calorimeter. Simulations and tests demonstrate that the ACD meete its design requirements. The performance of the ACD has remained stable thrugh stand-alone environmental testing, shipment across the U.S. installation onto the LAT, shipment back across the U.S., LAT environmental testing, and shipment to Arizona. As part of the fully-assembled GLAST observatory, the ACD is being readied for final testing before launch.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: AIP Conference Proceedings (The First GLAST Symposium) (ISSN 0094-243X); Volume 921; 588-589
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  • 6
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    The Anti-Coincidence Detector for the GLAST Large Area Telescope (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-10
    Description: This paper describes the design, fabrication and testing of the Anti-Coincidence Detector (ACD) for the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Large Area Telescope (LAT). The ACD is LAT's first-level defense against the charged cosmic ray background that outnumbers the gamma rays by 3-5 orders of magnitude. The ACD covers the top and 4 sides of the LAT tracking detector, requiring a total active area of -8.3 square meters. The ACD detector utilizes plastic scintillator tiles with wave-length shifting fiber readout. In order to suppress self-veto by shower particles at high gamma-ray energies, the ACD is segmented into 89 tiles of different sizes. The overall ACD efficiency for detection of singly charged relativistic particles entering the tracking detector from the top or sides of the LAT exceeds the required 0.9997.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 7
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    High Efficiency Plastic Scintillator Detector with Wave-Length Shifting Fiber Readout for the GLAST Large Area Telescope (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-10
    Description: This paper describes the design and performance studies of the scintillator tile detectors for the Anti-Coincidence Detector (ACD) of the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Gamma ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), scheduled for launch in early 2008. The scintillator tile detectors utilize wavelength shifting fibers and have dual photomultiplier tube (PMT) readout. The design requires highly efficient and uniform detection of singly charged relativistic particles over the tile area and must meet all requirements for a launch, as well as operation in a space environment. We present here the design of three basic types of tiles used in the ACD, ranging in size from approx.450 sq cm to approx.2500 sq cm, all 1 cm thick, with different shapes, and with photoelectron yield of approx. 20 photoelectrons per minimum ionizing particle (mip) at normal tile incidence, uniform over the tile area. Some tiles require flexible clear fiber cables up to 1.5 m long to deliver scintillator light to remotely located PMT.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Meeting held on Oct. 1-5, 2007 in Moscow, Russia. To appear in the Journal of Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Elsevier
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  • 8
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    Balloon-borne scanning spectrometer system for atmospheric extinction studies in the 350-1100 nm spectral region (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A scanning spectrometer system which is capable of being flown in high-altitude balloon studies of the earth's atmosphere is presented. The instrument is small, has a large operative wavelength range of 350-1100 nm, high data density, and real-time data telemetry to ground. A computer software package is used to provide a real-time monitor of balloon gondola and instrument performance, with the software reliability enhanced by proof of correctness techniques and exhibiting the high degree of reliability necessary for the monitoring system.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 53; Mar. 198
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  • 9
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    UBV photometry of asteroid 433 Eros (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: UBV observations of asteroid 433 Eros were conducted on 17 nights during the winter of 1974/75. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the lightcurve varied from about 0.3 mag to nearly 1.4 mag. The absolute V mag at maximum light, extrapolated to zero phase, is 10.85. Phase coefficients of 0.0233 mag/degree, 0.0009 mag/degree, and 0.0004 mag/degree were derived for V, B-V and U-B, respectively. The zero-phase color of Eros (B-V = 0.88, U-B = 0.50) is representative of an S (silicaceous) compositional type asteroid. The color does not vary with rotation. The photometric behavior of Eros can be modeled by a cylinder with rounded ends having an axial ratio of about 2.3:1. The asteroid is rotating about a short axis with the north pole at 15 deg ecliptic longitude and 9 deg ecliptic latitude.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 28; May 1976
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  • 10
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    A search for posteclipse brightening of Io in 1973. I (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Eight eclipse reappearances of the innermost Galilean satellite, Io, were observed during the fall of 1973. The measurements were made using photometers specially designed to cope with the problem of scattered light from Jupiter. Posteclipse brightening of Io was not detected and, if present, was less than our estimated detection threshold of about 0.02 mag.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 23; Nov. 197
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