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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetopause boundary structure deduced from the high-time resolution particle experiment on the Equator-S spacecraft (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 1574-1581 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Magnetospheric physics (magnetopause ; cusp ; and boundary layers ; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics ; solar wind ; magnetosphere interactions)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An electrostatic analyser (ESA) onboard the Equator-S spacecraft operating in coordination with a potential control device (PCD) has obtained the first accurate electron energy spectrum with energies &7 eV-100 eV in the vicinity of the magnetopause. On 8 January, 1998, a solar wind pressure increase pushed the magnetopause inward, leaving the Equator-S spacecraft in the magnetosheath. On the return into the magnetosphere approximately 80 min later, the magnetopause was observed by the ESA and the solid state telescopes (the SSTs detected electrons and ions with energies &20–300 keV). The high time resolution (3 s) data from ESA and SST show the boundary region contains of multiple plasma sources that appear to evolve in space and time. We show that electrons with energies &7 eV–100 eV permeate the outer regions of the magnetosphere, from the magnetopause to &6Re. Pitch-angle distributions of &20–300 keV electrons show the electrons travel in both directions along the magnetic field with a peak at 90° indicating a trapped configuration. The IMF during this interval was dominated by Bx and By components with a small Bz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1574-3
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Centrifugal trapping in the magnetotail (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Particles leving the neutral sheet in the distant magnetotail at times display adiabatic trajectory sequences characterized by an inflection toward the equator and subsequent mirroring in its vicinity. We demonstrate that this low-latitude mirroring results primarily from a centrifugal deceleration due to the fast direction-changing E x B drift. This effect which we refer to as 'centrifugal trapping' appears both in guiding centre and full particle treatments. It thus does not directly relate to nonadiabatic motion. However, pitch angle scattering due to nonadiabatic neutral sheet interaction does play a role in reducing the parallel speed of the particles. We show that centrifugal trapping is an important mechanism for the confinement of the slowest (typically below the equatorial E x B drift speed) plasma sheet populations to the midplane vicinity.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Annales Geophysicae (ISSN 0992-7689); 13; 3; p. 242-246
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  • 3
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    Polar wind ion dynamics in the magnetotail (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The circulation of polar wind ions from the high-latitude ionosphere to the plasma sheet is investigated. Single-particle trajectory simulations for the geomagnetic tail show, in addition to the breaking of adiabaticity, the possible creation of new high-altitude mirror points. This trajectory feature results from an intense parallel deceleration imparted by the magnetic field rotation during fast ExB transport. This centrifugal deceleration yields a critical parallel velocity which depends on the magnitude of the convection electric field and below which ions remain trapped inside the neutral sheet.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A6; p. 9155-9169.
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  • 4
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    Cleft contribution to ring current formation (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The storm time transport of ionospheric plasma from the 'cleft fountain' to the plasma sheet and ring current is investigated by means of three-dimensional trajectory codes. Using observations to define the source location and flow rate, test particles are traced during a 'taillike' to 'dipolelike' reconfiguration of the geomagnetic field. Emphasis is placed on the behavior of heavy ions of low charge state, O(+). As a result of their long periods of gyration, these ions are highly sensitive to rapid field variations and possibly display transient nonadiabatic motions. It is demonstrated that O(+) which have originated in the high-latitude ionosphere but which find themselves in the vicinity of the equator at substorm onset can experience considerable energization (from several keV up to several hundred keV) and pitch angle increase leading to trapping, as an effect of the induced electric field.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 20937-20
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  • 5
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    Dynamics of plasma, energetic particles, and fields near synchronous orbit in the nighttime sector during magnetospheric substorms (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Two phases of substorm-associated magnetospheric dynamics are discussed in terms of particles and fields at synchronous orbit. The first phase corresponds to the 'decreases' of energetic particle flux. The second phase is the conventional expansion phase that begins with the 'onset', characterized in the study by (1) a sudden decrease in the tail current and a return of the inflated magnetosphere to a dipolelike configuration, (2) a sudden shift of trapped high-energy particles toward the tail again following contours of constant B, and at the same time (3) a surge of tail plasma toward the earth as the induced electric field now increases the total convection field.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; May 1
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  • 6
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    The double oval UV auroral distribution. 1: Implications for the mapping of auroral arcs (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: During the later stages of the auroral substorm the luminosity distribution frequently resembles a double oval, one oval lying poleward of the normal or main UV auroral oval. We interpret the double oval morphology as being due to the plasma sheet boundary layer becoming active in the later stages of the substorm process. If the disturbance engulfs the nightside low-latitude boundary layers, then the double oval configuration extends into the dayside ionospheric region. The main UV oval is associated with the inner portion of the central plasma sheet and can rapidly change its auroral character from being diffuse to discrete. This transition is associated with the substorm process and is fundamental to understanding the near-Earth character of substorm onset. On the other hand, the poleward arc system in the nightside ionosphere occurs adjacent to or near the open-closed field line boundary. This system activates at the end of the optical expansion phase and is a part of the recovery phase configuration in substorms where it occurs. These two source regions for nightside discrete auroral arcs are important in resolving the controversy concerning the mapping of arcs to the magnetosphere. The dayside extension of this double oval configuration is also investigated and shows particle signatures which differ considerably from those on the nightside giving clues to the magnetospheric source regions of the aurora in the two local time sectors. Near-Earth substorm onsets are shown to be coupled to processes occurring much further tailward and indicate the importance of understanding the temporal development of features within the double oval. Using 'variance images,' a new technqiue for the investigation of these dynamics is outlined.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 100; A7; p. 12,075-12,092
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  • 7
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    Structure of the Outer Cusp and Sources of the Cusp Precipitation during Intervals of a Horizontal IMF (2003)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The cusp represents a place where the magnetosheath plasma can directly penetrate into the magnetosphere. Since the main transport processes are connected with merging of the interplanetary and magnetospheric field lines, the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Orientation plays a decisive role in the formation of the high-altitude cusp. The importance of the sign of the IMF Bz component for this process was suggested about 40 years ago and later it was documented by many experimental investigations. However, situations when IMF Bz is the major IMF component are rather rare. The structure of the cusp during periods of a small IMF BZ is generally unknown, probably due to the fully 3-D nature of the interaction. The present case study reveals the importance of horizontal IMF components on the global magnetospheric configuration as well as on small-scale processes at the cusp-magnetosheath interface. We have used simultaneous measurements of several spacecraft (ISTP program) operating in different regions of interplanetary space and two closely spaced satellites (INTERBALL-1/MAGION- 4) crossing the cusp-magnetosheath boundary to show the connection between the short- and large-scale phenomena. In the northern hemisphere, observations suggest a presence of two spots of cusp-like precipitation supplied by reconnection occurring simultaneously in both hemispheres. A source of this bifurcation is the positive IMF By component further enhanced by the field draping in the magnetosheath. This magnetic field component shifts the entry point far away from the local noon but in opposite sense in either hemisphere.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 1-24
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  • 8
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    A two satellite study of nightside flux transfer events in the plasma sheet (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The short-term (about 1 min) events during two consecutive substorms on March 23 1979 have been studied using high time resolution measurements of magnetic and electric fields and of the kiloelectronvolt electron flux at X about -21 R(e). Data obtained make it possible to describe the localized magnetic structures transported or propagated within the plasma sheet and to identify these events as plasma sheet nightside magnetic flux transfer events (NFTEs). The best examples of the NFTEs found so far are all observed in a thin portion of plasma sheet where the contraction of the reconnected field lines dominates over the oppositely directed pressure gradient force. Systematic differences in the magnetic variations observed at ISEE-1 and 2 indicate current concentration at the outer plasma sheet boundary during the passage of a NFTE.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); 40; 11; p. 1551-1572.
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  • 9
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    Gyro-phase effects near the storm-time boundary of energetic plasma (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The nonadiabatic acceleration of plasma sheet ions during the expansion phase of substorms is examined by means of single-particle codes. It is shown that, in the near-earth plasma sheet, the gyration phase at substorm onset controls the net ion energization, as the gyro-period is locally comparable to the field variation time scale. This can yield a particularly significant decrease of the particle magnetic moment. It is accordingly argued that, via adiabatic invariant violation, the dipolarization of magnetospheric field lines can induce a 'de-trapping' of inner plasma sheet populations and, hence, give rise to short-lived precipitation enhancements over the auroral zone. As this effect depends upon cyclotron frequency, it is expected to occur at distinct latitudes for different ion species. This contrasts with nonadiabatic ion behavior further out into the geotail, which is characterized by intense perpendicular heating and a likely collective trapping.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 18; 1485-148
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  • 10
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    Nonadiabatic transport features in the outer cusp region (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The dayside to nightside circulation of plasma along the magnetopause inside the magnetosphere is examined by means of three-dimensional single-particle codes. It is demonstrated that particles incident upon the outer cusp region experience transient non-adiabatic motions, owing to a localized minimum in the field magnitude. Here, possibly large magnetic moment changes yield injection into the loss cone of fractions of the incoming population or, alternatively, enhanced bouncing motions at high altitudes. It is shown that particles gaining access to the magnetotail over the polar cap are progressively extracted from the weak field region by the large-scale convection electric field. In this latter case, the trajectory simulations suggest an implicit 'entry boundary' into the nightside magnetosphere, which corresponds to the sunward edge of field lines featuring monotonic decrease of the field magnitude along their length.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; A11; p. 16,833-16,842.
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