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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective suppression of cytochrome P-450 gene expression by interleukins 1 and 6 in rat liver
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Gene Structure and Expression 1219 (1994), S. 475-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4781
    Keywords: Cytochrome P-450 ; Endotoxin ; Glucocorticoid ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-1 ; Interleukin-6
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-4781(94)90074-4
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    A Review of Scientific and Technological Results from the TSS-1R Mission (1998)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The Tethered Satellite System (TSS) program was designed to provide a unique opportunity to explore certain space plasma-electrodynamic processes and the orbital mechanics of a gravity-gradient stabilized system of two satellites linked by a long conducting tether. A unique data set was obtained during deployment which has allowed significant science to be accomplished. This paper focuses on results from the TSS-1R mission that are most important to the future technological applications of electrodynamic tethers in space, in particular, the current collection process. Of particular significance is an apparent transition of the physics of current collection when the potential of the collecting body becomes greater than the ram energy of the ionospheric atomic oxygen ions. Previous theoretical models of current collection were electrostatic, assuming that the orbital motion of the system, which is highly subsonic with respect to electron thermal motion, was unimportant. This may still be acceptable for the case of relatively slow-moving sounding rockets. However, the TSS-1R results show that motion relative to the plasma must be accounted for in orbiting systems.
    Keywords: Astronautics (General)
    Type: Tether Technology Interchange Meeting; 1-12; NASA/CP-1998-206900
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  • 3
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    Current collection model on tether satellite system (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Results are reported from numerical simulations of current collection by a tethered satellite moving in the earth magnetic field. The focus is on the instruments of the Research on Orbital Plasma Electrodynamics (ROPE) experiment planned for the TSS-1 mission (scheduled launch 1991). The derivation of the governing equations is outlined, and the results of simulations with and without the geomagnetic field are presented in graphs. It is predicted that beam-beam interaction will occur when no magnetic effect is present, especially when the instrument bias is lower than the local potential; with the magnetic effect, there should be complex multiple-stream interactions, magnetic-field shielding covering 30 percent or more of the satellite surface when the B field is greater than 0.35 G, and nearly complete collection of the electrons by the instrument arm.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 90-0723
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  • 4
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    The expansion of a plasma into a vacuum - Basic phenomena and processes and applications to space plasma physics (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In this review attention is called to basic phenomena and physical processes involved in the expansion of a plasma into a vacuum, or the expansion of a plasma into a more tenuous plasma, in particular the fact that upon the expansion, ions are accelerated and reach energies well above their thermal energy. Also, in the process of the expansion a rarefaction wave propagates into the ambient plasma, an ion front moves into the expansion volume, and discontinuities in plasma parameters occur. The physical processes which cause the above phenomena are discussed, and their possible application is suggested for the case of the distribution of ions and electrons (hence plasma potential and electric fields) in the wake region behind artificial and natural obstacles moving supersonically in a rarefied space plasma. To illustrate this, some in situ results are reexamined. Directions for future work in this area via the utilization of the Space Shuttle and laboratory work are also mentioned.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics (ISSN 0034-6853); 21; Aug. 198
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  • 5
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    A study of plasma expansion phenomena in laboratory generated plasma wakes - Preliminary results (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The plasma expansion into the wake of a large rectangular plate immersed in a single-ion, collisionless, streaming plasma has been investigated in the laboratory. Several characteristics of the process involved in 'plasma expansion into vacuum' that have been predicted theoretically were observed, including the creation and motion of a rarefaction wave disturbance; the creation and motion of an expansion front; and the acceleration of ions into the wake at speeds above the ion-acoustic speed. The expansion was limited to early times; i.e., a few ion plasma periods, by the combination of plasma drift speed and vacuum chamber size. This prevented detailed comparison with self-similar theory, but results are in good agreement with numerical simulations and other laboratory experiments for the early time expansion. The conclusion is that the plasma expansion process is the dominant wake filling mechanism in the near wake of a body, whose potential is approximately the plasma space potential.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Plasma Physics (ISSN 0022-3778); 33; 71-82
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  • 6
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    Ion acceleration - A phenomenon characteristic of the 'expansion of plasma into a vacuum' (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The physics of the complex process by which plasma expands across a strong density gradient is briefly discussed with particular emphasis on the resulting ion acceleration. The results from a laboratory experiment that addresses the steady-state expansion of a collisionless, streaming plasma into the wake of a body are presented. The experimental results are in good qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions, thereby demonstrating the equivalence of expansion with distance in the flow direction to time in the one-dimensional theory. On this basis, the potential application of the plasma process in space plasma physics is mentioned.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
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  • 7
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    On the interpretation of measured ion streams in the wake of the Shuttle Orbiter in terms of plasma expansion processes (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Measurements of the flow vector and current density of ion streams between 11 and 18 m downstream in the near wake of the Shuttle Orbiter during the Spacelab 2 mission are compared with a one-dimensional, time-dependent plasma expansion model for wake filling. The model is based on the self-consistent plasma model of Singh et al. (1987) modified to simulate the one-dimensional expansion of counter-streaming plasmas. The results show good agreement between the model and the experimental results, suggesting that the measured streams can be interpreted in terms of collisionless plasma expansion.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 12075-12
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  • 8
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    The emissions of broadband electrostatic noise in the near vicinity of the Shuttle Orbiter (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Measurements of the Space Shuttle environment from the STS-3 and Spacelab 2 missions indicate the presence of oblique ion streams and broadband electrostatic noise. A two-dimensional theoretical model is applied to study a possible causal relationship between the ion streams and the broadband noise, especially in terms of the ion acoustic wave and ion-ion wave modes. This model predicts the generation of waves with frequencies ranging from the ion cyclotron frequency up to values greater than the ion plasma frequency, with the maximum growth rate occurring in the 10-kHz range. These results are consistent with the observational data from the STS-3 mission. The model also shows that these two wave modes can coexist only when the wave vectors of the two wave modes are nearly perpendicular. The parametric dependence of the wave instabilities on the plasma parameters and the inclination of the wave propagation vector is also studied.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); 35; 1373-137
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  • 9
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    A possible explanation of the electron temperature enhancement in the wake of a satellite (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A numerical simulation was performed in an attempt to explain the enhancement of electron temperature in the wake of an ionospheric satellite in terms of counterstreaming plasma expansions. The simulation was conducted using full kinetic treatments (Vlasov-Poisson code) for both the plasma electrons and ions. The calculations indicated that at a distance of a few Debye lengths from the surface of the body the wake/ambient electron-temperature ratio reaches a value of about 2. This result is in good agreement with some in situ and laboratory experimental results.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 6100-610
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  • 10
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    More on the expansion of a collisionless plasma into the wake of a body (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Recent laboratory measurements of plasma expansion in a plasma wake experiment (Wright et al., 1985) are compared with analytical expressions which approximate the plasma expansion model of Crow et al. (1975). Good quantitative agreement is found between the data and theory for the velocity and position of the ion expansion front. These results provide an important insight into the behavior of the expansion early in its development.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Plasma Physics (ISSN 0022-3778); 35; 119-123
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