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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inherited and acquired risk factors in colonic neoplasia and modulation by chemopreventive interventions (1996)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 63 (1996), S. 136-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: acquired risk ; chemoprevention ; colon ; genetic risk ; neoplasia ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The progressively abnormal development of epithelial cells prior to tumor development leads to widely differing chemopreventive approaches. The diversity of these approaches has resulted in different assays to measure the activities of the agents. To apply these assays to preclinical studies, we have developed rodent models in which different stages of evolution of colonic neoplasia are expressed. In one model mice carrying a truncated Apc allele with a nonsense mutation in exon 15 have been generated by gene targeting and embryonic stem cell technology (Apc1638 mice). These mice develop multiple gastrointestinal lesions including adenomas and carcinomas, focal areas of high grade dysplasia (FAD) and polypoid hyperplasias with FADS.The incidence of inherited colonic neoplasms has now been modulated by a chemopreventive regimen. Colonic lesions significantly increased in Apc1638 mice on a Western-style diet, compared to Apc1638 mice on AIN-76A diet which has lower fat content and higher calcium and vitamin D. These studies have also been carried out in normal mice, and have demonstrated without any chemical carcinogen that a Western-style diet induced colonic tumorigenesis. Modulation of cell proliferation has also been induced by Western-style diets in other organs including mammary gland, pancreas and prostate. These findings are leading to the development of new preclinical models for evaluating the efficacy of many classes of chemopreventive agents. J. Cell. Biochem. 25S:136-141. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precancerous lesoins of the human esophagus: Multipliparameteric study of esophageal biopsies from a high-risk populatiion in linxian, China (1992)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 50 (1992), S. 187-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: chemoprevention ; esophagus ; intermediate biomaker ; Ley ; pathology ; precancerous lesions ; WGA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Histopathology, morphometry, tritiated thymidin incorporation and immunohistochemistry were studied in 221 esophageal biospies from subjects with cytologica hyperplasia in Linxian, China. A spectrum of 7 morphologic entities were found (1) normal/near normal (NN); (2) basal cell hyperplasia 0 (BHO); (3) simple hyperplasia (SH); (4) mixed basal and spinous cell hyperplasia (MBS); (5) basal cell hyperplasia 1 (BH1); (6) dysplasia (D); and (7) non-profilerative lesion (NP). Forty percent of the biospies had combinations of histologic types. The thickness of the epithelium was increased in SH, MBS, and BH1, but not in BHO and NP Elongation of papiallae was frequent seen in SH, MBS, BH1, and D. Papillary bleeding was very prevalent in the esophageal specimens studied. A variety of cellular changes were found in peripapillary areas especially when bleeding occurred. [3H]-thymidine labeling index was dramatically increased in the entire epithelium in dysplasia, and also increased in cell layer 3 of MBS, BH1 and D. Blood group antigen LeY and lectin WGA showed consistent positivity in cellular membranes of the squamous cells, and these changes ocuurred before gross morphologic alterations. These findings provide a hypothesis for the sequences of pathogenetic events leading to esophgeal carcinoma, and define each step with corresponding biomakers for cancer prevention studies. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240501132
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  • 3
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    James Webb Space Telescope Optical Telescope Element / Integrated Science Instrument Module (OTIS) Cryogenic Vacuum Test Part II: Thermal Analysis (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-19
    Description: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), set to launch in early 2019, is currently undergoing a series of system-level environmental tests to verify its workmanship and end-to-end functionality. As part of this series, the Optical Telescope Element and Integrated Science Instrument Module (OTIS) Cryo-Vacuum (CV) test, the most complex cryogenic test executed to date by NASA, was completed in 2017 at the Johnson Space Center's Chamber A facility. The OTIS CV test was intended as a comprehensive test of the integrated instrument and telescope systems to fully understand its optical, structural, and thermal performance within its intended flight environment. Due to its complexity, extensive pre-test planning was required to ensure payload safety and compliance with all limits and constraints. A comprehensive thermal analysis campaign was undertaken to predict the behavior of the test payload during its transition to cryogenic temperatures and back to ambient, and exhaustive preparations for off-nominal scenarios were studied due to the increased possibility of unanticipated events during the 100-day test length. This current four-part online course for the NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) Academy gives a thorough overview of the multiple years of preparation executed by hundreds of individuals to ensure the success of the JWST OTIS CV Test. Part I will introduce the major components of James Webb and specifically the OTIS CV Test thermal architecture. Part II will encompass the extensive thermal analysis performed to prepare for the test. Part III will talk about the preparations for off-nominal events: what analysis was done, and how steps were taken pre-test to anticipate unexpected circumstances and mitigate their impacts to hardware and test timeline. Part IV is a recap of the lessons learned from the thermal perspective for both the payload and ground support equipment (GSE) test conductors. It is hoped that the insight gained from the OTIS CV test campaign will benefit planning and execution for upcoming large cryogenic missions.
    Keywords: Astronautics (General)
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN69577
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    The Large UV/Optical/Infrared Surveyor Decadal Mission Concept Thermal System Architecture (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The Large Ultraviolet/Optical/Infrared (LUVOIR) Surveyor is one of four large strategic mission concept studies commissioned by NASA for the 2020 Decadal Survey in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Slated for launch to the second Lagrange point (L2) in the mid-to-late 2030s, LUVOIR seeks to directly image habitable exoplanets around sun-like stars, characterize their atmospheric and surface composition, and search for biosignatures, as well as study a large array of astrophysics goals including galaxy formation and evolution. Two observatory architectures are currently being considered which bound the trade-off between cost, risk, and scientific return: a 15-meter diameter segmented aperture primary mirror in a three-mirror anastigmat configuration, and an 8-meter diameter unobscured segmented aperture design. To achieve its science objectives, both architectures require milli-Kelvin level thermal stability over the optics, structural components, and interfaces to attain picometer wavefront RMS stability. A 270 Kelvin operational temperature was chosen to balance the ability to perform science in the near-infrared band and the desire to maintain the structure at a temperature with favorable material properties and lower contamination accumulation. This paper will focus on the system-level thermal designs of both LUVOIR observatory architectures. It will detail the various thermal control methods used in each of the major components - the optical telescope assembly, the spacecraft bus, the sunshade, and the suite of accompanying instruments - as well as provide a comprehensive overview of the analysis and justification for each design decision. It will additionally discuss any critical thermal challenges faced by the engineering team should either architecture be prioritized by the Astro2020 Decadal Survey process to proceed as the next large strategic mission for development.
    Keywords: Astronautics (General)
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN69412 , International Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 07, 2019 - Jul 11, 2019; Boston, MA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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