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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (10)
  • Arthropods/*anatomy & histology/*classification  (1)
  • Boron Compounds/*chemical synthesis/*chemistry  (1)
  • 1
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    Remarkably selective iridium catalysts for the elaboration of aromatic C-H bonds (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-24
    Description: Arylboron compounds have intriguing properties and are important building blocks for chemical synthesis. A family of Ir catalysts now enables the direct synthesis of arylboron compounds from aromatic hydrocarbons and boranes under "solventless" conditions. The Ir catalysts are highly selective for C-H activation and do not interfere with subsequent in situ transformations, including Pd-mediated cross-couplings with aryl halides. By virtue of their favorable activities and exceptional selectivities, these Ir catalysts impart the synthetic versatility of arylboron reagents to C-H bonds in aromatic and heteroaromatic hydrocarbons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, Jian-Yang -- Tse, Man Kin -- Holmes, Daniel -- Maleczka, Robert E Jr -- Smith, Milton R 3rd -- R01 GM63188-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):305-8. Epub 2001 Nov 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11719693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Boron Compounds/*chemical synthesis/*chemistry ; Carbon/*chemistry ; Catalysis ; Chemistry, Physical ; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/*chemical synthesis/*chemistry ; Hydrogen/*chemistry ; Iridium/*chemistry ; Ligands ; Physicochemical Phenomena
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Hallucigenia's onychophoran-like claws and the case for Tactopoda (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-19
    Description: The Palaeozoic form-taxon Lobopodia encompasses a diverse range of soft-bodied 'legged worms' known from exceptional fossil deposits. Although lobopodians occupy a deep phylogenetic position within Panarthropoda, a shortage of derived characters obscures their evolutionary relationships with extant phyla (Onychophora, Tardigrada and Euarthropoda). Here we describe a complex feature in the terminal claws of the mid-Cambrian lobopodian Hallucigenia sparsa--their construction from a stack of constituent elements--and demonstrate that equivalent elements make up the jaws and claws of extant Onychophora. A cladistic analysis, informed by developmental data on panarthropod head segmentation, indicates that the stacked sclerite components in these two taxa are homologous-resolving hallucigeniid lobopodians as stem-group onychophorans. The results indicate a sister-group relationship between Tardigrada and Euarthropoda, adding palaeontological support to the neurological and musculoskeletal evidence uniting these disparate clades. These findings elucidate the evolutionary transformations that gave rise to the panarthropod phyla, and expound the lobopodian-like morphology of the ancestral panarthropod.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Martin R -- Ortega-Hernandez, Javier -- England -- Nature. 2014 Oct 16;514(7522):363-6. doi: 10.1038/nature13576. Epub 2014 Aug 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25132546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthropods/*anatomy & histology/*classification ; *Fossils ; Hoof and Claw/*anatomy & histology ; *Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Petrogenesis of the SNC (shergottites, nakhlites, chassignites) meteorites - Implications for their origin from a large dynamic planet, possibly Mars (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Comprehensive chemical data are presented on the shergottites Shergotty, Zagami, Allan Hills (ALHA) 77005, and the new member Elephant Moraine (EETA) 79001 using results of sequential instrumental and radiochemical neutron activation analysis. The close relationship of the Antarctic shergotites indicates that ALHA 77005 is a residual source produced by incongruent melting of a source similar in bulk composition to EETA 79001A and that EETA 79001B and the interstitial phases in EETA 79001A are the melts produced by such melting episodes. The large ion lithophile LIL) trace element abundanced of the shergottites require variable but extensive degrees of nomodal melting of isotopically constrained parent sources. The SNG sources are consistent with their derivation by extensive fractionation of a primitive magma initially produced from a source having chondritic refractory LIL trace element abundances. Petrogenetic and age relationships among SNC meteorites suggest a single complex-provenance on a dynamic planet not unlike earth, probably Mars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research, Supplement (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; B612-B63
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  • 4
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    Alha 81005 meteorite - Chemical evidence for lunar highland origin (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: During the 1981-82 expedition to Antarctica a one-ounce meteorite was found on the slopes of the Allan Hills Mountain. This meteorite, which was catalogued as ALHA 81005, had unusual characteristics and resembled the lunar highland rocks. In a preliminary study, it was found that the chemical composition of the bulk sample of the meteorite matched closely with the Apollo 15 15418 highland rock which Laul and Schmitt (1973) analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The chemical data obtained for the clast, matrix, and bulk material of the ALHA 81005 meteorite are listed in a table together with corresponding data for the Apollo 15 15418 highland rock and the Luna 16 21013 highland rock. The close agreement of the data for the meteorite and the two lunar rocks suggests strongly that the ALHA 81005 is of lunar highland origin.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; Sept
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  • 5
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    Impact melting of the Cachari eucrite 3.0 Gy ago (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The chemical compositions and Ar-isotope gas-retention ages of host phase and glass veins in the Cachari eucrite are determined by microprobe and neutron-activation analysis and mass spectrometry, respectively. The results are presented in tables, graphs, and back-scattered electron images and characterized in detail. The compositions are found to support the thesis that the glass formed by shock melting of the host rock (or of rock having the same composition). The Ar-39/Ar-40 ages of host and glass are given as 3.04 + or - 0.07 Gyr and 3.47 + or - 0.04 Gyr, respectively; the former value is taken as the true data of melting, and the latter is attributed to incomplete postmelt degassing of Ar from the glass phase. The implications of the relative youth of this and other eucrites and howardites for the regolith history of the parent body are considered.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (ISSN 0016-7037); 49; 941-946
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  • 6
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    Chemistry and petrology of Apollo 12 drive tube 12027 (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Papike et al. (1982) have provided a summary of previous petrologic and chemical studies of the lunar regolith, taking into account samples from all of the Apollo and Luna sites. On the basis of these studies, an understanding is obtained of the processes which form and characterize the lunar regolith. It is found that comminution of local lithologies by meteorite impact and soil mixing are the most important regolith-forming processes. On the basis of grain size studies of Apollo 14 surface, trench, and drive tube soils, Simin et al. (1982) and Laul et al. (1982) concluded that comminution of local lithologies and vertical soil mixing processes are most important in the formation of the soils at that site. In the present investigation, this study of chemistry and petrology of lunar soils is extended to the Apollo 12 drive tube 12027. This drive tube provides an opportunity to study lunar soil from a depositional environment involving a location at the rim of a crater. The chemical and petrologic data are found to be consistent and suggest three stratigraphic units in the 12027 core.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research, Supplement (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; C507-C51
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  • 7
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    Apollo 14 aluminous mare basalts and their possible relationship to KREEP (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Thirty-six aluminous mare basalt fragments from breccia 14321 and other Apollo 14 basalts are statistically divided into two broad groups, comprising five subgroups, using La, Sm, and Yb data. Major element compositions, petrographic characteristics, and mineral compositions are similar for the five groups. However, there is an eight-fold increase in REE abundances from Group 5 to Group 1, with Group 1 having a REE pattern similar to KREEP. Groups 1 to 3 may be related by partial melting of a source similar to that proposed by Unruh et al. (1984) for feldspathic basalt 12038. However, Groups 4 and 5 cannot be as closely matched by larger degrees of partial melting of this source. Groups 1 to 4 could also be produced by assimilation of a KREEP component by a magma similar in composition to Group 5. Such a magma can be produced by partial melting of an olivine-orthopyroxene source that crystallized from a magma with chondritic relative REE abundances.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research, Supplement (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; C365-C37
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  • 8
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    Agglutinates as recorders of regolith evolution - Application to the Apollo 17 drill core (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Chemical data are reported for agglutinates from 26 depth intervals of the Apollo 17 deep drill core, and the compositions of the agglutinates are compared with those of the soils in which they occur. The agglutinate sequence suggests a scenario in which several closely-spaced depositional events were involved in the formation of the drill core, rather than a continuous accumulation process.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research, Supplement (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; C161-C17
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  • 9
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    Pristine highland clasts in consortium breccia 14305 Petrology and geochemistry (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Data are presented on the petrography and mineral chemistry of six pristine highland clasts chipped from the polymict lunar breccia 14305. Major and trace elements in the clasts were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis, and mineral analyses were performed by electron microprobe. Mg-suite clasts have 'eastern' geochemical affinities, reaffirming the importance of local variations in geochemistry. These local variations are superimposed on the moon-wide, longitudinal variations noted by Warren and Wasson (1980). Alkali anorthosites and Mg-suite troctolites and anorthosites are not comagmatic, and cannot be related to a single parent magma by either fractional crystallization or variable assimilation of KREEP. Both magma suites may have assimilated varied amounts of KREEP into distinct parent magmas. Alternatively, alkali anorthosites may have crystallized directly from a KREEP-basalt parent magma. A thick crust of ferroan anorthosite probably never existed on the western lunar nearside, or was removed by basin-forming impacts prior to intrusion of later plutonic suites.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research, Supplement (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; C25-C40
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  • 10
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    Chemical composition of the Howardite Parent Body deduced from Kapoeta primary 'mafic' magmas (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Chemical data are presented for three 'mafic' clasts extracted from the Kapoeta howardite. Bulk compositions and petrologic observations suggest that two of these lithic clasts represent olivine-plagioclase bearing orthopyroxenites. Chondrite-relative refractory large ion lithophile abundances of two of the clasts are inferred to represent primary Mg-rich magmas produced by extensive (greater than about 70%) partial melting of a source composition indistinguishable from the silicate fraction of average CH-CL ordinary chondrites, with the exception of the depletion of the alkalis Na and K by a factor of 13 + or - 1 in the source composition. A metal-free and volatile depleted Kapoeta Parent Body (KPB) is subsequently deduced and is shown to compare very well with other similarly derived Achondrite Parent Body and Howardite Parent Body estimates but not to parent body estimates derived from inferences based on eucrite phase equilibrium studies. Other implications suggest that the KPB is heterogeneous with respect to Fe/Mg ratios.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 15, 1982 - Mar 19, 1982; Houston, TX
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