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  • Arabian Sea  (3)
  • Mediterranean Sea  (2)
  • South Asian Monsoon  (2)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Geology 255 (2008): 64-82, doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2008.07.005.
    Description: During the late glacial, marine isotope Stage 2, the Marmara Sea transformed into a brackish lake as global sea level fell below the sill in the Dardanelles Strait. A record of the basin’s reconnection to the global ocean is preserved in its sediments permitting the extraction of the paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic history of the region. The goal of this study is to develop a high-resolution record of the lacustrine to marine transition of Marmara Sea in order to reconstruct regional and global climatic events at 24 a millennial scale. For this purpose, we mapped the paleoshorelines of Marmara Sea along the northern, eastern, and southern shelves at Çekmece, Prince Islands, and Imrali, using data from multibeam bathymetry, high-resolution subbottom profiling (chirp) and ten sediment cores. Detailed sedimentologic, biostratigraphic (foraminifers, mollusk, diatoms), X-ray fluorescence geochemical scanning, and oxygen and carbon stable isotope analyses correlated to a calibrated radiocarbon chronology provided evidence for cold and dry conditions prior to 15 ka BP, warm conditions of the Bolling-Allerod from ~15 to 13 ka BP, a rapid marine incursion at 12 ka BP, still stand of Marmara Sea and sediment reworking of the paleoshorelines during the Younger Dryas at ~11.5 to 10.5 ka BP, and development of strong stratification and influx of nutrients as Black Sea waters spilled into Marmara Sea at 9.2 ka BP. Stable environmental conditions developed in Marmara Sea after 6.0 ka BP as sea-level reached its present shoreline and the basin floors filled with sediments achieving their present configuration.
    Description: Support for the analyses was from NSF-OCE-0222139; OCE-9807266 and PSC-CUNY 69138-00 38.
    Keywords: Late Pleistocene-Holocene ; Marmara Sea ; Sea-level ; Paleoshorelines ; Black Sea ; Mediterranean Sea
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Beasley, C., Kender, S., Giosan, L., Bolton, C. T., Anand, P., Leng, M. J., Nilsson-Kerr, K., Ullmann, C. V., Hesselbo, S. P., & Littler, K. Evidence of a South Asian proto-monsoon during the Oligocene-Miocene transition. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 36(9), (2021): e2021PA004278, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021PA004278.
    Description: The geological history of the South Asian monsoon (SAM) before the Pleistocene is not well-constrained, primarily due to a lack of available continuous sediment archives. Previous studies have noted an intensification of SAM precipitation and atmospheric circulation during the middle Miocene (∼14 Ma), but no records are available to test how the monsoon changed prior to this. In order to improve our understanding of monsoonal evolution, geochemical and sedimentological data were generated for the Oligocene-early Miocene (30–20 Ma) from Indian National Gas Hydrate Expedition 01 Site NGHP-01-01A in the eastern Arabian Sea, at 2,674 m water depth. We find the initial glaciation phase (23.7–23.0 Ma) of the Oligocene-Miocene transition (OMT) to be associated with an increase in water column ventilation and water mass mixing, suggesting an increase in winter monsoon type atmospheric circulation, possibly driven by a relative southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone. During the latter part of the OMT, or “deglaciation” phase (23.0–22.7 Ma), a long-term decrease in Mn (suggestive of deoxygenation), increase in Ti/Ca and dissolution of the biogenic carbonate fraction suggest an intensification of a proto-summer SAM system, characterized by the formation of an oxygen minimum zone in the eastern Arabian Sea and a relative increase of terrigenous material delivered by runoff to the site. With no evidence at this site for an active SAM prior to the OMT we suggest that changes in orbital parameters, as well as possibly changing Tethyan/Himalayan tectonics, caused this step change in the proto-monsoon system at this intermediate-depth site.
    Description: This research forms part of a PhD study funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Doctoral Training in Oil & Gas (grant number NE/M00578X/1) awarded to C. Beasley, and was also supported by a NERC National Environmental Isotope Facility Steering Committee grant (IP-1865-1118) awarded to S. Kender. L. Giosan acknowledges funding from USSP and WHOI and thanks colleagues from the NGHP-01 expedition. C. Ullmann acknowledges funding via NERC grant NE/N018508/1.
    Keywords: South Asian Monsoon ; Foraminiferal stable isotopes ; Trace elements ; Arabian Sea ; Oligocene-Miocene transition
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Bretschneider, L., Hathorne, E. C., Bolton, C. T., Gebregiorgis, D., Giosan, L., Gray, E., Huang, H., Holbourn, A., Kuhnt, W., & Frank, M. Enhanced late miocene chemical weathering and altered precipitation patterns in the watersheds of the Bay of Bengal recorded by detrital clay radiogenic isotopes. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 36(9), (2021): e2021PA004252, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021PA004252.
    Description: The late Miocene was a period of declining CO2 levels and extensive environmental changes, which likely had a large impact on monsoon strength as well as on the weathering and erosion intensity in the South Asian Monsoon domain. To improve our understanding of these feedback systems, detrital clays from the southern Bay of Bengal (International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1443) were analyzed for the radiogenic isotope compositions of Sr, Nd, and Pb to reconstruct changes in sediment provenance and weathering regime related to South Asian Monsoon rainfall from 9 to 5 Ma. The 100 kyr resolution late Miocene to earliest Pliocene record suggests overall low variability in the provenance of clays deposited on the Ninetyeast Ridge. However, at 7.3 Ma, Nd and Pb isotope compositions indicate a switch to an increased relative contribution from the Irrawaddy River (by ∼10%). This shift occurred during the global benthic δ13C decline, and we suggest that global cooling and increasing aridity resulted in an eastward shift of precipitation patterns leading to a more focused erosion of the Indo-Burman Ranges. Sr isotope compositions were decoupled from Nd and Pb isotope signatures and became more radiogenic between 6 and 5 Ma. Grassland expansion generating thick, easily weatherable soils may have led to an environment supporting intense chemical weathering, which is likely responsible for the elevated detrital clay 87Sr/86Sr ratios during this time. This change in Sr isotope signatures may also have contributed to the late Miocene increase of the global seawater Sr isotope composition.
    Description: This research used samples and data provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program and was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) (grants HA 5751/6-1 & -2). C. T. Bolton acknowledges funding from the French ANR project iMonsoon (ANR-16-CE01-0004-01) and IODP France. W. Kuhnt acknowledges funding from the DFG (grant Ku649/36-1).
    Keywords: Clay radiogenic isotopes ; Late Miocene ; South Asian Monsoon ; Chemical weathering
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2020. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology 35(12), (2020): e2020PA003853, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA003853.
    Description: During the middle Miocene, Earth's climate changed from a global warm period (Miocene Climatic Optimum) into a colder one with the expansion of the Antarctic ice sheet. This prominent climate transition was also a period of drastic changes in global atmospheric circulation. The development of the South Asian monsoon is not well understood and mainly derived from proxy records of wind strength. Data for middle Miocene changes in rainfall are virtually non‐existent for India and the Arabian Sea prior to 11 Ma. This study presents planktic foraminiferal trace element (Mg/Ca and Ba/Ca) and stable oxygen isotope records from NGHP‐01 Site 01A off the coast of West India in the Eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) to reconstruct the regional surface hydrography and hydroclimate in the South Asian monsoon (SAM) region during the middle Miocene. The Ba/Ca and local seawater δ18O (δ18Osw) changes reveal a notable gradual increase in SAM rainfall intensity during the middle Miocene. Additionally to this long‐term increase in precipitation, the seawater δ18O is punctuated by a prominent decrease, i.e. freshening, at ~14 Ma contemporary with Antarctic glaciation. This suggests that Southern Ocean Intermediate Waters (SOIW) transmitted Antarctic salinity changes into the Arabian Sea via an “oceanic tunnel” mechanism. The middle Miocene increase in SAM rainfall is consistent with climate model simulations of an overall strengthening Asian monsoon from the Eocene to the middle/late Miocene with a further acceleration after the middle Miocene climate transition.
    Description: This study has been funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through a grant to S. Steinke (NSFC grant No. 41776055) and Z. Jian and S. Steinke (NSFC grant No. 919582080). We express our gratitude to H. Kuhnert (MARUM, University of Bremen) and his team for stable isotope analyses. We thank P. Qiao (Tongji University Shanghai) for technical and analytical support with the ICP‐MS analyses, A. Dolman (Alfred‐Wegener‐Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany) for statistical analyses, and B. Wang (State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University) and his team for the SEM‐EDAX Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. L. Giosan acknowledges funding from USSP and WHOI and thanks colleagues and crew from the NGHP‐01 expedition for intellectual interactions leading to long‐standing interests in the fluvial‐continental margin systems of Peninsular India. J. Groeneveld thanks the State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (Xiamen University) for a MEL Senior Visiting Fellowship (Project No. MELRS1915).
    Description: 2021-05-27
    Keywords: Middle Miocene ; South Asian monsoon ; Arabian Sea ; Stable isotopes ; Trace elements
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2015. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in The Holocene 26 (2016): 1438-1456, doi:10.1177/0959683616640048.
    Description: Major Mediterranean deltas began to develop during a period between 8000 and 6000 yr BP when the rate of fluvial sediment input overtook the declining rate of sea-level rise. However, different authors have argued that the Ebro Delta primarily formed during the Late Middle Ages as a consequence of increased anthropogenic pressure on its river basin and these arguments are supported by the scarcity of previous geological studies and available radiocarbon dates. To reconstruct the environmental evolution of the Ebro Delta during the Holocene, we used micropalaeontological analysis of continuous boreholes drilled in two different locations (Carlet and Sant Jaume) on the central delta plain. Different lithofacies distributions and associated environments of deposition were defined based on diagnostic foraminiferal assemblages and the application of a palaeowater-depth transfer function. The more landward Carlet sequence shows an older and more proximal progradational delta with a sedimentary record composed of inner bay, lagoonal, and beach materials deposited between 7600 yr BP and 〉2000 yr BP under rising sea-level and highstand conditions. This phase was followed by a series of delta-plain environments reflected in part by the Carlet deposits that formed before 2000 yr BP. The Sant Jaume borehole is located closer to the present coastline and contains a much younger sequence that accumulated in the 3 last 2.0 ka during the development of three different deltaic lobes under highstand sea40 level conditions. The results of the present study reinforce the idea that the Ebro Delta dates to the early Holocene, similar to other large Mediterranean deltas.
    Description: Drilling and coring was funded by the US National Science Foundation 686 grant EAR- 0952146. Work on the cores presented in this study was partially financed by the Formation and Research Unit in Quaternary: Environmental Changes and Human Fingerprint (UPV/EHU, UFI11/09) and HAREA-Coastal Geology Research Group (Basque Government, IT767-13) projects. It was supported by an IRTA-URV Santander fellowship to Xavier Benito through “BRDI Trainee Research Personnel Programme funded by University of Rovira and Virgili R+D+I projects” and the European Community’s 7th Framework Programme through the grant to Collaborative Project RISES-AM-, Contract FP7-ENV-2013-two-stage-603396.
    Keywords: Ebro Delta ; Sedimentary sequences ; Benthic foraminifera ; Environmental evolution ; Mediterranean Sea ; Holocene
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 13 (2012): Q01008, doi:10.1029/2011GC003845.
    Description: We present a multiproxy geochemical analysis of two cores recovered from the Indus Shelf spanning the Early Holocene to Recent (〈14 ka). Indus-23 is located close to the modern Indus River, while Indus-10 is positioned ∼100 km further west. The Holocene transgression at Indus-10 was over a surface that was strongly weathered during the last glacial sea level lowstand. Lower Holocene sediments at Indus-10 have higher εNd values compared to those at the river mouth indicating some sediment supply from the Makran coast, either during the deposition or via reworking of older sediments outcropping on the shelf. Sediment transport from Makran occurred during transgressive intervals when sea level crossed the mid shelf. The sediment flux from non-Indus sources to Indus-10 peaked between 11 ka and 8 ka. A hiatus at Indus-23 from 8 ka until 1.3 ka indicates non-deposition or erosion of existing Indus Shelf sequences. Higher εNd values seen on the shelf compared to the delta imply reworking of older delta sediments in building Holocene clinoforms. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Mg/Al and Sr isotopes are all affected by erosion of detrital carbonate, which reduced through the Holocene. K/Al data suggest that silicate weathering peaked ca. 4–6 ka and was higher at Indus-10 compared to Indus-23. Fine-grained sediments that make up the shelf have geochemical signatures that are different from the coarser grained bulk sediments measured in the delta plain. The Indus Shelf data highlight the complexity of reconstructing records of continental erosion and provenance in marine settings.
    Description: We thank NERC for funding this cruise and postcruise study. Award NSF-OCE 0623766 to LG also funded CP’s participation to the cruise and postcruise studies.
    Description: 2012-07-14
    Keywords: Arabian Sea ; Holocene paleoclimate ; Indus ; Geochemistry ; Neodymium and strontium isotopes
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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