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  • Lignin biodegradation  (2)
  • Soil Bacteria  (2)
  • Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood  (1)
  • 1
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    Functionally defective germline variants of sialic acid acetylesterase in autoimmunity (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-18
    Description: Sialic acid acetylesterase (SIAE) is an enzyme that negatively regulates B lymphocyte antigen receptor signalling and is required for the maintenance of immunological tolerance in mice. Heterozygous loss-of-function germline rare variants and a homozygous defective polymorphic variant of SIAE were identified in 24/923 subjects of European origin with relatively common autoimmune disorders and in 2/648 controls of European origin. All heterozygous loss-of-function SIAE mutations tested were capable of functioning in a dominant negative manner. A homozygous secretion-defective polymorphic variant of SIAE was catalytically active, lacked the ability to function in a dominant negative manner, and was seen in eight autoimmune subjects but in no control subjects. The odds ratio for inheriting defective SIAE alleles was 8.6 in all autoimmune subjects, 8.3 in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis, and 7.9 in subjects with type I diabetes. Functionally defective SIAE rare and polymorphic variants represent a strong genetic link to susceptibility in relatively common human autoimmune disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2900412/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2900412/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Surolia, Ira -- Pirnie, Stephan P -- Chellappa, Vasant -- Taylor, Kendra N -- Cariappa, Annaiah -- Moya, Jesse -- Liu, Haoyuan -- Bell, Daphne W -- Driscoll, David R -- Diederichs, Sven -- Haider, Khaleda -- Netravali, Ilka -- Le, Sheila -- Elia, Roberto -- Dow, Ethan -- Lee, Annette -- Freudenberg, Jan -- De Jager, Philip L -- Chretien, Yves -- Varki, Ajit -- MacDonald, Marcy E -- Gillis, Tammy -- Behrens, Timothy W -- Bloch, Donald -- Collier, Deborah -- Korzenik, Joshua -- Podolsky, Daniel K -- Hafler, David -- Murali, Mandakolathur -- Sands, Bruce -- Stone, John H -- Gregersen, Peter K -- Pillai, Shiv -- AI 064930/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 068759/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 076505/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AR 022263/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR 044422/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR 058481/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- NS 32765/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK043351/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI064930/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI064930-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068759/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI068759-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076505/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076505-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR044422/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR044422-13/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- RC1 AR058481/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- RC1 AR058481-01/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 8;466(7303):243-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09115. Epub 2010 Jun 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20555325" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Acetylesterase/*genetics/metabolism/secretion ; Alleles ; Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/enzymology/genetics ; Autoimmune Diseases/*enzymology/*genetics ; Autoimmunity/*genetics ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Biocatalysis ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/*genetics/metabolism/secretion ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Line ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/enzymology/genetics ; Europe/ethnology ; Exons/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Germ-Line Mutation/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/*metabolism ; Odds Ratio ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Sample Size ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abbau chlorierter Benzole, Phenole und Cyclohexan-Derivate durch Benzol und Phenol verwertende Bodenbakterien unter aeroben Bedingungen (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 96 (1974), S. 183-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Pseudomonas ; Nocardia ; Arthrobacter ; Soil Bacteria ; Chlorinated Benzenes ; Phenols and Cyclohexane Derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus Bodenproben verschiedener Herkunft (Acker-, Rasen- und Waldböden) ließen sich Nocardien und Pseudomonaden mit der Fähigkeit zum Abbau von Benzol und Phenol in geringer Zahl isolieren und anreichern. Die nur Phenol und Phenolcarbonsäuren verwertenden Organismen waren zahlreicher und umfaßten hauptsächlichArthrobacter-Arten. Es wurde untersucht, inwieweit diese Organismen auch chlorierte Aromaten und Cyclohexane abzubauen vermögen. Für die Abbauuntersuchungen wurden die Bakterien vorher auf Benzol- bzw. aufp-Hydroxybenzoesäure kultiviert und dann die zu untersuchenden Verbindungen zugesetzt. Diese Verbindungen waren durch14C-markiert, und ihre Abbauraten wurden aufgrund der14CO2-Freisetzung gemessen. Auf Benzol angezogene Pseudomonaden und Nocardien konnten neben Benzol und Phenol auch die einfach chlorierten Verbindungen rasch zu CO2 abbauen, die zwei- und dreifach chlorierten Verbindungen langsamer. Die chlorierten Benzole wurden besonders in höheren Konzentrationen in geringerem Maße abgebaut als die chlorierten Phenole, aber bei niedrigeren Konzentrationen stieg die Abbaurate und war etwa derjenigen der Phenole gleich. Dies ließ sich auf eine höhere Toxicität der Benzole zurückführen. Die phenolverwertendenArthrobacter-Arten konnten lediglich Phenol und die chlorierten Phenole abbauen. Benzoesäure und m-Chlorbenzoesäure wurden nur von den Pseudomonaden und Nocardien rasch zu CO2 abgebaut. Die Benzol verwertenden Pseudomonaden konnten CO2 auch aus γ-Hexachlorcyclohexan, etwas mehr aus γ-Pentachlorcyclohexen, aber nicht aus Cyclohexan freisetzen. Nach Vorkultur der Benzol verwertenden Pseudomonaden auf Glucose konnten sie die Aromaten ebenfalls abbauen, aber besonders die chlorierten Derivate im geringen Maß. Zum Vergleich mit den Bodenorganismen wurden Versuche mit Bodenproben durchgeführt. Sie zeigten, daß alle Verbindungen, die durch die isolierten Organismen abgebaut werden konnten, nach unterschiedlichen Induktionszeiten auch im Boden abgebaut wurden. Lediglich Cyclohexan, das durch die Benzol oder Phenol verwertenden Reinkulturen nicht verwertet werden konnte, wurde durch die Mischflora des Bodens goringfügig zu CO2 abgebaut.
    Notes: Abstract From soil samples of different origin (field, grassland and forest soils) small numbers ofNocardin andPseudomonas spec., able to utilize benzene and phenol could be isolated. Organisms which could only utilize phenol and phenolcarboxylic acids were more numerous and consisted mainly ofArthrobacter spec. It was tested to what extent these organisms could also utilize chlorinated aromatic and cyclohexane derivatives. For the degradation studies the bacteria were precultivated on benzene or p-hydroxybenzoic acid and then the compounds used were added. These compounds were labeled by14C and their degradation rates determined by measuring the14CO2 release.Pseudomonas andNocardia spec. precultivated on benzene could also degrade the chlorinated derivatives of benzene and phenol. The monochlorinated derivates were degraded more easily than the di- and trichlorinated derivates. The chlorinated benzenes, especially in higher concentrations, were less degraded than the chlorinated phenols, but with lower concentrations their degradation rates were about similar. This was due to a higher toxicity of the benzenes. The phenol utilizingArthrobacter spec. were only able to degrade phenol and the chlorinated phenols. Benzoic and m-chlorobenzoic acid were degraded to CO2 by thePseudomonas andNocardia spec. only. The benzene utilizing pseudomonads released more CO2 from γ-pentachlorocyclohexane than from γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, but none from cyclehexane. Upon precultivation of benzene utilizing pseudomonads in glucose, the aromatic compounds were also degraded, but especially the chlorinated derivatives to a lower extent. In comparison with these soil organisms in pure culture, experiments with soil samples showed a degradation of all compounds which were used by the isolated organisms after variable induction periods. Cyclohexane was degraded slowly to CO2 by the mixed soil flora in contrast to the benzene or phenol utilizing pure cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00590175
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening for lignin degrading bacteria by means of 14C-labelled lignins (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 119 (1978), S. 103-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Lignin biodegradation ; Bacteria ; Nocardia spp. ; Pseudomonas spp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several Nocardia and Pseudomonas spp., as well as some unidentified bacteria, isolated from lake water containing high loads of waste lignin, were tested for their capacity to release 14CO2 from specifically 14C-labelled dehydropolymer of coniferyl alcohol (DHP) or corn stalk lignins. The bacteria were selected according to their ability to degrade phenolic compounds. However, only some of them could release significant amounts of 14CO2 from the labelled lignin. The tested Nocardia spp. were more active than the Pseudomonas spp. and the unidentified bacteria. The most active strains belonged to N. autotrophica. These strains released CO2 significantly from the methoxyl group and transformed the other carbons from the phenylpropane skeleton of lignin also into CO2. Other less demethylating strains also released little CO2 from the other carbons of the lignin molecule. From corn stalk materials which were specifically labelled in the lignin part only small amounts of labelled CO2 were released.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407936
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abbau von 14C-, 3H- und 36Cl-markiertem γ-Hexachlorcyclohexan durch anaerobe Bodenmikroorganismen (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 104 (1975), S. 113-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Insecticides ; Chlorinated Cycloalkanes ; Anaerobic Degradation ; Soil Bacteria ; Dechlorination ; Volatile Metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch eine anaerobe Mischflora aus Ackerboden wurde γ-Hexachlorcyclohexan (γ-HCH) in 4–5 Tagen zu 90% abgebaut. Dabei erfolgte eine schnelle Abspaltung des Chlors in Form von Chloridionen und danach eine Freisetzung des C- und H-Anteiles in Form flüchtiger Verbindungen, in denen kein Chlor und auch kein CO2 nachzuweisen war. Die Verwendung von 14C/3H- und 36Cl/3H-doppelmarkiertem γ-HCH zeigte, daß die Cl- und H-Abspaltung nicht im Verhältnis von 1:1 erfolgte, sondern mehr Cl als H abgespalten wurde. Die flüchtigen Verbindungen enthielten andererseits höhere 14C- als 3H-Anteile. Gaschromatographische Untersuchungen zeigten ebenfalls eine rasche Verminderung des γ-HCH und die Bildung verschiedener Metabolite. Es wurde jedoch kein γ-Pentachlorcyclohexen nachgewiesen. Bei steigenden O2-Gehalten in der Gasphase verminderte sich der γ-HCH-Abbau. Jedoch fanden auch noch bei 5% O2 Chlorabspaltung und die Freisetzung flüchtiger Metabolite statt. α-HCH wurde ebenfalls, jedoch langsamer, durch die anaerobe Mischflora abgebaut. Auch hier wurde Chlorid abgespalten, und es traten ebenfalls flüchtige Verbindungen auf, die kein Chlor enthielten.
    Notes: Abstract Up to 90% of the γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) applied to an anaerobic mixed bacterial flora enriched from an arable soil were degraded within 4–5 days. Degradation resulted in a rapid release of chloride and in formation of chlorine-free volatile metabolites. CO2 formation from the molecule was not detected. Investigations with 14C/3H- and 36Cl/3H double-labelled γ-HCH indicated that the release of Cl and H did not occur in the ratio of 1:1. More Cl than H was split off. The volatile compounds contained more 14C than 3H. Gas chromatographic studies also showed the rapid decrease of γ-HCH and the formation of several metabolites. γ-Pentachlorocyclohexene was not detected. Increasing O2-contents in the gas phase of cultures resulted in decreases of the compound's degradation. Release of chloride and of volatile metabolites were observed with O2 contents in the gas phase up to 5%. α-HCH was also, but more slowly as with γ-HCH, degraded by the anaerobic mixed flora. Chloride was released and volatile, chlorine-free metabolites were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447310
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition of 14C-labelled lignin and phenols by a Nocardia sp. (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 114 (1977), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Lignin biodegradation ; Soil bacterium ; Nocardia sp. ; Phenol degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A Gram-positive bacterium which was isolated from a Finnish soil and identified as a Nocardia sp., was able to decompose lignin and to assimilate lignin degradation products as a carbon source. It could release 14CO2 from 14C-labelled methoxyl groups, side chains or ring carbons of coniferyl alcohol dehydropolymers (DHP) and from specifically 14C-labelled lignin of plant material. Furthermore, it could release 14CO2 from phenolcarboxylic and cinnamic acids and alcohols labelled in the OCH3, COOH groups, side chain or aromatic ring carbons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410776
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