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  • 1
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    Disruption of vertical motility by shear triggers formation of thin phytoplankton layers (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-21
    Description: Thin layers of phytoplankton are important hotspots of ecological activity that are found in the coastal ocean, meters beneath the surface, and contain cell concentrations up to two orders of magnitude above ambient concentrations. Current interpretations of their formation favor abiotic processes, yet many phytoplankton species found in these layers are motile. We demonstrated that layers formed when the vertical migration of phytoplankton was disrupted by hydrodynamic shear. This mechanism, which we call gyrotactic trapping, can be responsible for the thin layers of phytoplankton commonly observed in the ocean. These results reveal that the coupling between active microorganism motility and ambient fluid motion can shape the macroscopic features of the marine ecological landscape.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Durham, William M -- Kessler, John O -- Stocker, Roman -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1067-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1167334.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Shape ; Chlamydomonas/cytology/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Flagella ; Gravitation ; Movement ; Phytoplankton/cytology/*physiology ; *Water ; *Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Chemoattraction to dimethylsulfoniopropionate throughout the marine microbial food web (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: Phytoplankton-produced dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) provides underwater and atmospheric foraging cues for several species of marine invertebrates, fish, birds, and mammals. However, its role in the chemical ecology of marine planktonic microbes is largely unknown, and there is evidence for contradictory functions. By using microfluidics and image analysis of swimming behavior, we observed attraction toward microscale pulses of DMSP and related compounds among several motile strains of phytoplankton, heterotrophic bacteria, and bacterivore and herbivore microzooplankton. Because microbial DMSP cycling is the main natural source of cloud-forming sulfur aerosols, our results highlight how adaptations to microscale chemical seascapes shape planktonic food webs, while potentially influencing climate at the global scale.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seymour, Justin R -- Simo, Rafel -- Ahmed, Tanvir -- Stocker, Roman -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):342-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1188418.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Justin.Seymour@uts.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alphaproteobacteria/physiology ; Animals ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Betaine ; Chemotactic Factors/metabolism ; *Chemotaxis ; Chlorophyta/physiology ; Cues ; Dinoflagellida/physiology ; Ecosystem ; *Food Chain ; Kinetoplastida/physiology ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ; Movement ; Phytoplankton/metabolism/*physiology ; Pseudoalteromonas/physiology ; *Seawater/microbiology ; *Sulfonium Compounds/metabolism ; Synechococcus/physiology ; Zooplankton/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Tryptophan catabolism is unaffected in chronic granulomatous disease (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maghzal, Ghassan J -- Winter, Susann -- Wurzer, Bettina -- Chong, Beng H -- Holmdahl, Rikard -- Stocker, Roland -- England -- Nature. 2014 Oct 23;514(7523):E16-7. doi: 10.1038/nature13844.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia [2] School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia [3] School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia. ; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. ; School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia. ; Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25341792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/*metabolism/*pathology ; Inflammation/*metabolism ; Kynurenine/*metabolism ; Tryptophan/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Microbiology. Tumbling for stealth? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stocker, Roman -- Durham, William M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 24;325(5939):400-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1177269.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. romans@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19628846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/*physiology ; Flagella/*physiology ; Movement
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    How cats lap: water uptake by Felis catus (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-13
    Description: Animals have developed a range of drinking strategies depending on physiological and environmental constraints. Vertebrates with incomplete cheeks use their tongue to drink; the most common example is the lapping of cats and dogs. We show that the domestic cat (Felis catus) laps by a subtle mechanism based on water adhesion to the dorsal side of the tongue. A combined experimental and theoretical analysis reveals that Felis catus exploits fluid inertia to defeat gravity and pull liquid into the mouth. This competition between inertia and gravity sets the lapping frequency and yields a prediction for the dependence of frequency on animal mass. Measurements of lapping frequency across the family Felidae support this prediction, which suggests that the lapping mechanism is conserved among felines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reis, Pedro M -- Jung, Sunghwan -- Aristoff, Jeffrey M -- Stocker, Roman -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 26;330(6008):1231-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1195421. Epub 2010 Nov 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cats/*physiology ; Drinking/*physiology ; Felidae/physiology ; Gravitation ; Models, Biological ; Movement ; Physical Processes ; Tongue/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Bilirubin is an antioxidant of possible physiological importance (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-02-27
    Description: Bilirubin, the end product of heme catabolism in mammals, is generally regarded as a potentially cytotoxic, lipid-soluble waste product that needs to be excreted. However, it is here that bilirubin, at micromolar concentrations in vitro, efficiently scavenges peroxyl radicals generated chemically in either homogeneous solution or multilamellar liposomes. The antioxidant activity of bilirubin increases as the experimental concentration of oxygen is decreased from 20% (that of normal air) to 2% (physiologically relevant concentration). Furthermore, under 2% oxygen, in liposomes, bilirubin suppresses the oxidation more than alpha-tocopherol, which is regarded as the best antioxidant of lipid peroxidation. The data support the idea of a "beneficial" role for bilirubin as a physiological, chain-breaking antioxidant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stocker, R -- Yamamoto, Y -- McDonagh, A F -- Glazer, A N -- Ames, B N -- AM 26307/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- CA 39910/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ES 01896/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Feb 27;235(4792):1043-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3029864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antioxidants ; Bilirubin/*physiology ; Biliverdine/metabolism ; Carotenoids/pharmacology ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Linoleic Acid ; Linoleic Acids/metabolism ; Liposomes/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/pharmacology ; Photochemistry ; Superoxides ; Vitamin E/pharmacology ; beta Carotene
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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