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  • 1
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    Regulatory role of parasites: impact on host population shifts with resource availability (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-07-12
    Description: Effects of infections by the ciliate Lambornella clarki on larval populations of its mosquito host Aedes sierrensis were examined in laboratory and field studies. When host populations developed with sufficient food, mortality from parasites was additive and reduced the number of emerging mosquitoes. For food-limited populations, mortality was compensatory or depensatory; emerging adults were as or more abundant with higher average fitness than those from uninfected control populations. When nutrients were scarce, parasitic infections relaxed larval competition and increased per capita food by reducing host abundance. Food limitation altered larval feeding behavior, reducing horizontal transmission and subsequent mortality from parasitism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Washburn, J O -- Mercer, D R -- Anderson, J R -- AI20245/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 12;253(5016):185-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1906637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/*parasitology/physiology ; Animals ; Ciliophora/*physiology ; Ecology ; Population Dynamics ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Ongoing adaptive evolution of ASPM, a brain size determinant in Homo sapiens (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-10
    Description: The gene ASPM (abnormal spindle-like microcephaly associated) is a specific regulator of brain size, and its evolution in the lineage leading to Homo sapiens was driven by strong positive selection. Here, we show that one genetic variant of ASPM in humans arose merely about 5800 years ago and has since swept to high frequency under strong positive selection. These findings, especially the remarkably young age of the positively selected variant, suggest that the human brain is still undergoing rapid adaptive evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mekel-Bobrov, Nitzan -- Gilbert, Sandra L -- Evans, Patrick D -- Vallender, Eric J -- Anderson, Jeffrey R -- Hudson, Richard R -- Tishkoff, Sarah A -- Lahn, Bruce T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 9;309(5741):1720-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16151010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; African Continental Ancestry Group ; Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Gene Conversion ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Models, Genetic ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Organ Size ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Predator-induced trophic shift of a free-living ciliate: parasitism of mosquito larvae by their prey (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-05-27
    Description: Larvae of the treehole mosquito, Aedes sierrensis, release a waterborne factor that induces morphogenesis of one of their prey, the tetrahymenid ciliate Lambornella clarki. Induced free-living trophonts of L. clarki undergo a synchronous response in which cells divide and transform into parasitic cells (theronts) that encyst on larval predators. Parasitic ciliates penetrate the cuticle, enter the hemocoel, and ultimately kill their predator-host. In nature, this trophic shift can lead to predator extinction and dramatic changes in microbial populations. Facultative parasitism by this polymorphic ciliate may have evolved as an antipredator strategy. The experimentally inducible parasitic response of L. clarki provides a novel model for studying cellular morphogenesis of ciliated protozoa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Washburn, J O -- Gross, M E -- Mercer, D R -- Anderson, J R -- AI20245/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 27;240(4856):1193-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomological Sciences, University of California, Berkely 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3131877" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/*parasitology/physiology ; Animals ; Ciliophora/growth & development/*physiology ; Ecology ; Larva ; Predatory Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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