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  • 1
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    Role for the membrane receptor guanylyl cyclase-C in attention deficiency and hyperactive behavior (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: Midbrain dopamine neurons regulate many important behavioral processes, and their dysfunctions are associated with several human neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia. Here, we report that these neurons in mice selectively express guanylyl cyclase-C (GC-C), a membrane receptor previously thought to be expressed mainly in the intestine. GC-C activation potentiates the excitatory responses mediated by glutamate and acetylcholine receptors via the activity of guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Mice in which GC-C has been knocked out exhibit hyperactivity and attention deficits. Moreover, their behavioral phenotypes are reversed by ADHD therapeutics and a PKG activator. These results indicate important behavioral and physiological functions for the GC-C/PKG signaling pathway within the brain and suggest new therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric disorders related to the malfunctions of midbrain dopamine neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gong, Rong -- Ding, Cheng -- Hu, Ji -- Lu, Yao -- Liu, Fei -- Mann, Elizabeth -- Xu, Fuqiang -- Cohen, Mitchell B -- Luo, Minmin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 16;333(6049):1642-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1207675. Epub 2011 Aug 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Program in Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphetamine/administration & dosage ; Animals ; Attention ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/genetics/*metabolism ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Gastrointestinal Hormones/metabolism/pharmacology ; Glycine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; Impulsive Behavior ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Natriuretic Peptides/metabolism/pharmacology ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism ; Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism ; Receptors, Peptide/genetics/*metabolism ; Resorcinols/metabolism/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Substantia Nigra/cytology/*metabolism ; Ventral Tegmental Area/cytology/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Encoding pheromonal signals in the accessory olfactory bulb of behaving mice (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-22
    Description: Many mammalian species rely on pheromones-semiochemicals produced by other members of the same species-to communicate social status and reproductive readiness. To assess how the central nervous system integrates the complex repertoire of pheromones, we recorded from single neurons in the accessory olfactory bulb, a nucleus that processes pheromonal signals, of male mice engaged in natural behaviors. Neuronal firing was robustly modulated by physical contact with male and female conspecifics, with individual neurons activated selectively by specific combinations of the sex and strain of conspecifics. We infer that mammals encode social and reproductive information by integrating vomeronasal sensory activity specific to sex and genetic makeup.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luo, Minmin -- Fee, Michale S -- Katz, Lawrence C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 21;299(5610):1196-201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. luo@neuro.duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12595684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Anal Canal ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cues ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Face ; Female ; Genitalia ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Microelectrodes ; Mouth ; Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Odors ; Olfactory Bulb/cytology/*physiology ; Olfactory Pathways ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; Smell ; Species Specificity ; Vomeronasal Organ/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-01
    Description: The 2002-3 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was one of the most significant public health events in recent history. An ongoing outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus suggests that this group of viruses remains a key threat and that their distribution is wider than previously recognized. Although bats have been suggested to be the natural reservoirs of both viruses, attempts to isolate the progenitor virus of SARS-CoV from bats have been unsuccessful. Diverse SARS-like coronaviruses (SL-CoVs) have now been reported from bats in China, Europe and Africa, but none is considered a direct progenitor of SARS-CoV because of their phylogenetic disparity from this virus and the inability of their spike proteins to use the SARS-CoV cellular receptor molecule, the human angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2). Here we report whole-genome sequences of two novel bat coronaviruses from Chinese horseshoe bats (family: Rhinolophidae) in Yunnan, China: RsSHC014 and Rs3367. These viruses are far more closely related to SARS-CoV than any previously identified bat coronaviruses, particularly in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein. Most importantly, we report the first recorded isolation of a live SL-CoV (bat SL-CoV-WIV1) from bat faecal samples in Vero E6 cells, which has typical coronavirus morphology, 99.9% sequence identity to Rs3367 and uses ACE2 from humans, civets and Chinese horseshoe bats for cell entry. Preliminary in vitro testing indicates that WIV1 also has a broad species tropism. Our results provide the strongest evidence to date that Chinese horseshoe bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-CoV, and that intermediate hosts may not be necessary for direct human infection by some bat SL-CoVs. They also highlight the importance of pathogen-discovery programs targeting high-risk wildlife groups in emerging disease hotspots as a strategy for pandemic preparedness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ge, Xing-Yi -- Li, Jia-Lu -- Yang, Xing-Lou -- Chmura, Aleksei A -- Zhu, Guangjian -- Epstein, Jonathan H -- Mazet, Jonna K -- Hu, Ben -- Zhang, Wei -- Peng, Cheng -- Zhang, Yu-Ji -- Luo, Chu-Ming -- Tan, Bing -- Wang, Ning -- Zhu, Yan -- Crameri, Gary -- Zhang, Shu-Yi -- Wang, Lin-Fa -- Daszak, Peter -- Shi, Zheng-Li -- R01AI079231/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01TW005869/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- R56TW009502/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Nov 28;503(7477):535-8. doi: 10.1038/nature12711. Epub 2013 Oct 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China [2].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24172901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; China ; Chiroptera/*virology ; Disease Reservoirs/virology ; Feces/virology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; Host Specificity ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pandemics/prevention & control/veterinary ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics/*metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Virus/genetics/metabolism ; SARS Virus/genetics/*isolation & purification/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/prevention & ; control/transmission/veterinary/virology ; Species Specificity ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry/metabolism ; Vero Cells ; Virion/isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Virus Internalization ; Viverridae/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Detection of near-atmospheric concentrations of CO2 by an olfactory subsystem in the mouse (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important environmental cue for many organisms but is odorless to humans. It remains unclear whether the mammalian olfactory system can detect CO2 at concentrations around the average atmospheric level (0.038%). We demonstrated the expression of carbonic anhydrase type II (CAII), an enzyme that catabolizes CO2, in a subset of mouse olfactory neurons that express guanylyl cyclase D (GC-D+ neurons) and project axons to necklace glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. Exposure to CO2 activated these GC-D+ neurons, and exposure of a mouse to CO2 activated bulbar neurons associated with necklace glomeruli. Behavioral tests revealed CO2 detection thresholds of approximately 0.066%, and this sensitive CO2 detection required CAII activity. We conclude that mice detect CO2 at near-atmospheric concentrations through the olfactory subsystem of GC-D+ neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, Ji -- Zhong, Chun -- Ding, Cheng -- Chi, Qiuyi -- Walz, Andreas -- Mombaerts, Peter -- Matsunami, Hiroaki -- Luo, Minmin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):953-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Dioxide/administration & dosage/*analysis/metabolism ; Carbonic Anhydrase II/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2 ; Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism ; Ion Channels/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Neurons/*physiology ; Odors ; Olfactory Bulb/cytology/enzymology/*physiology ; Olfactory Mucosa/cytology/enzymology ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/enzymology/*physiology ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    The shaping of modern human immune systems by multiregional admixture with archaic humans (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: Whole genome comparisons identified introgression from archaic to modern humans. Our analysis of highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, vital immune system components subject to strong balancing selection, shows how modern humans acquired the HLA-B*73 allele in west Asia through admixture with archaic humans called Denisovans, a likely sister group to the Neandertals. Virtual genotyping of Denisovan and Neandertal genomes identified archaic HLA haplotypes carrying functionally distinctive alleles that have introgressed into modern Eurasian and Oceanian populations. These alleles, of which several encode unique or strong ligands for natural killer cell receptors, now represent more than half the HLA alleles of modern Eurasians and also appear to have been later introduced into Africans. Thus, adaptive introgression of archaic alleles has significantly shaped modern human immune systems.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3677943/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3677943/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abi-Rached, Laurent -- Jobin, Matthew J -- Kulkarni, Subhash -- McWhinnie, Alasdair -- Dalva, Klara -- Gragert, Loren -- Babrzadeh, Farbod -- Gharizadeh, Baback -- Luo, Ma -- Plummer, Francis A -- Kimani, Joshua -- Carrington, Mary -- Middleton, Derek -- Rajalingam, Raja -- Beksac, Meral -- Marsh, Steven G E -- Maiers, Martin -- Guethlein, Lisbeth A -- Tavoularis, Sofia -- Little, Ann-Margaret -- Green, Richard E -- Norman, Paul J -- Parham, Peter -- AI031168/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- R01 AI031168/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR000165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 7;334(6052):89-94. doi: 10.1126/science.1209202. Epub 2011 Aug 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Alleles ; Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Continental Population Groups/*genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genes, MHC Class I ; Genetic Variation ; HLA-A Antigens/*genetics/immunology/metabolism ; HLA-B Antigens/*genetics/immunology/metabolism ; HLA-C Antigens/*genetics/immunology ; Haplotypes ; Hominidae/*genetics/*immunology ; Humans ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Ligands ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oceanic Ancestry Group/genetics ; Receptors, KIR/immunology/metabolism ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crossability percentages of bread wheat landraces from Sichuan Province, China with rye (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 61 (1992), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: China ; crossability ; landrace ; rye ; Secale cereale ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The crossabilities of 177 landraces of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from Sichuan Basin and its adjacent mountain ranges with rye (Secale cereale L.) have been tested. 16 landraces possess a higher crossability than Chinese Spring, 34 landraces have a similar and 127 landraces have a lower crossability than Chinese Spring or are non-crossable with rye. Most landraces with high crossability occur in Qinling Mountain and Dabashan Mountain Ranges in north of Sichuan and the valleys of Minjiang River, Fujiang River and Jialinjiang River in Sichuan Basin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035540
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crossability percentages of bread wheat landraces from Shaanxi and Henan provinces, China with rye (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 67 (1993), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: China ; crossability ; landrace ; rye ; Secale cereale ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The crossability percentages of 118 landraces of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from Shaanxi and Henan provinces, China with rye (Secale cereale L.) have been tested. 14 landraces possess a higher crossability percentage than Chinese Spring, 30 landraces have a similar to and 74 landraces have a lower crossability percentage than Chinese Spring or are non-crossable with rye. Most landraces with high crossability percentage occur in south part of Shaanxi, and the west and southwest of Henan, their geographical distribution in these regions fits up with that in the Sichuan province.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022718
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crossability percentages of bread wheat collections from Tibet, China with rye (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 70 (1993), S. 127-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: China ; crossability ; landrace ; rye ; Secale cereale ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The crossability percentages of 282 accessions of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) collected in Tibet, China with rye (Secale cereale L.) have been tested. Five collections have a similar to and 277 accessions have a lower crossability percentage than Chinese Spring or are non-crossable with rye. The accessions with high crossability percentage occur along the highway near Lhasa. No landraces with higher crossability than Chinese Spring and rare landraces with similar crossability to Chinese Spring indicated that the landraces in Tibet region are different from those in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Henan provinces in the distribution frequency of high crossability, and there is no distribution of recessive kr4 alleles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029649
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