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  • 1
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    V1 neurons signal acquisition of an internal representation of stimulus location (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-14
    Description: A fundamental aspect of visuomotor behavior is deciding where to look or move next. Under certain conditions, the brain constructs an internal representation of stimulus location on the basis of previous knowledge and uses it to move the eyes or to make other movements. Neuronal responses in primary visual cortex were modulated when such an internal representation was acquired: Responses to a stimulus were affected progressively by sequential presentation of the stimulus at one location but not when the location was varied randomly. Responses of individual neurons were spatially tuned for gaze direction and tracked the Bayesian probability of stimulus appearance. We propose that the representation arises in a distributed cortical network and is associated with systematic changes in response selectivity and dynamics at the earliest stages of cortical visual processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sharma, Jitendra -- Dragoi, Valentin -- Tenenbaum, Joshua B -- Miller, Earl K -- Sur, Mriganka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 13;300(5626):1758-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. jeetu@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12805552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Cues ; Electrophysiology ; Fixation, Ocular/*physiology ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Neurons/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Probability ; Random Allocation ; Saccades/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Orientation maps of subjective contours in visual cortex (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-20
    Description: Responses to subjective contours in visual cortical areas V1 and V2 in adult cats were investigated by optical imaging of intrinsic signals and single-unit recording. Both V1 and V2 contain maps of the orientation of subjective gratings that have their basis in specific kinds of neuronal responses to subjective orientations. A greater proportion of neurons in V2 than in V1 show a robust response to subjective edges. Through the use of subjective stimuli in which the orientation of the luminance component is invariant, an unmasked V1 response to subjective edges alone can be demonstrated. The data indicate that the processing of subjective contours begins as early as V1 and continues progressively in higher cortical areas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sheth, B R -- Sharma, J -- Rao, S C -- Sur, M -- EY07023/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2110-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. msur@wccf.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Brain Mapping ; Cats ; *Form Perception ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Light ; Neurons/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced hyperdiploidy inHyoscyamus niger L (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1079-1080 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Hyperdiploid plant ; Hyoscyamus niger ; radiation-induced mutant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A hyperdiploid plant type, approaching the triploid chromosome number, and representing possibly a high level of tetrasomy, was recorded in the progeny of a gamma ray-induced unbranched desynaptic mutant in the M4 generation. Its meiotic behavior and its possible importance for deriving diverse hyperdiploid lines from desynaptic mutants are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952153
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induced polygenic changes occurring simultaneously with major gene changes in black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.) (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 85 (1992), S. 445-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Hyoscyamus niger ; Macromutants ; Polygenic changes ; gca effects ; Average heterosis ; Mutant heterosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two macromutants [unbranched (Ub) and restricted branched (Rb)], one point mutation [yellow flowerd (‘Ada’)] and two flowering variants (early and late) were isolated in the M2 generation of gammairradiated progenies of black henbane (H. niger) — a medicinal plant belonging to family Solanaceae. These major gene changes were coupled with simultaneous changes in several polygenic systems conditioning continuous variation for flowering time, plant height, numbers of shoots and leaves, biomass and crude drug content. Such quantitative variation in qualitative mutants were measured for both per se means and cross-bred performance in terms of: (1) shifts in univariate means, (2) changes in pooled divergence, (3) alterations in gca effects, and (4) changes in heterotic capacity. The mutants were significantly divergent from the parental base for all the six metric traits, both individually as well as collectively. Divergence among mutants was wider (D2 = 1491 to 11 469) than that for mutants versus source parent (D2 = 117 to 7120). Conspicuous alterations in both the nature and the magnitude of the gca effects associated with all mutants, except L-2013 (late flowering), relative to the parental base were observed for all of the metric traits examined (gca ∼- per se means). Similarly, the mutants manifested greater heterotic potential than the parental base. This is even more strongly reflected in mutant x mutant hybrids for all of the characters. The amount of economic heterosis for diverse traits followed the pattern: crude drug 〉 biomass 〉 flowering time ∼- plant height 〉 number of shoots ∼- number of leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222326
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential of gamma radiation enhancing the biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids in black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.) (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 40 (1989), S. 253-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hyoscyamus niger ; black henbane ; mutation breeding ; genetic improvement ; tropane alkaloids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A productive yellow flowered mutant with high tropane alkaloid content was isolated in the M2 generation of gamma irradiated (Co60 at 40 kr) progenies ofHyoscyamus niger. Mutant progenies, on an average, were capable of synthetising more than twice crude alkaloid (0.147% to 0.221%) in M3 through M6 generations compared to the parental control (0.065 to 0.106%). In pilot scale trial (M7), two elite lines, Y-15 and Y-17 were found to contain 0.390% and 0.318% crude drug in contrast to 0.211% in an improved inbred used as control. However, owing to conducive plant morphology, Y-17 registered high yield of dry biomass, hence gave more than double yield of crude drug than the improved control (inbred) (23 kg/ha against 11 kg/ha). Also being superior in hyoscyamine and hyoscine yields, it was redesignated as var.Aela, and released for commercial cultivation in India, thus signifying the efficiency of radiation breeding for crop improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024520
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