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  • Other Sources  (38)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (36)
  • GEOSCIENCES (GENERAL)  (2)
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2014-09-12
    Description: Data collected on the spectral characteristics of the LANDSAT-4 and LANDSAT-4 backup thematic mapper instruments, the protoflight (TM/PF) and flight (TM/F) models, respectively, are presented and analyzed. Tests were conducted on the instruments and their components to determine compliance with two sets of spectral specifications: band-by-band spectral coverage and channel-by-channel within-band spctral matching. Spectral coverage specifications were placed on: (1) band edges - points at 50% of peak response, (2) band edge slopes - steepness of rise and fall-off of response, (3) spectral flatness - evenness of response between edges, and (4) spurious system response - ratio of out-of-band response to in-band response. Compliance with the spectral coverage specifications was determined by analysis of spectral measurements on the individual components contributing to the overall spectral response: filters, detectors, and optical surfaces.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: LANDSAT-4 Sci. Invest. Summ., Including Dec. 1983 Workshop Results, Vol. 1; p 127-129
    Format: text
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2014-09-12
    Description: LANDSAT-4 Thematic Mapper (TM) digital image products recorded onto computer compatible tapes (CCTs), which were available for internal research purposes prior to August, 1983, are reviewed. The SCROUNGE image processing system at Goddard Space Flight Centr generated in tape formats: (1) raw band-sequential data (CCT-BT), generally used for internal transportation of digital data from one ground processing system to another; (2) calibrated data (CCT-AT), useful for reseachers doing radiometric characterization; and (3) geometrically resampled data (CCT-PT), the final product. The formats represent different steps in the process of producing fully-corrected TM data. The CCT-BT images are re-sequenced from telemetry format to image format, but are uncorrected radiometrically and geometrically. The CCT-AT images had data from two faulty data channels replaced and all data radiometrically calibrated. The CCT-PT images were resampled by cubic convolution procedures to provide a geometrically corrected image using satellite ephemeris and altitude data and scan-mirror correction data. The final product, the CCT-PT, is the one to which all of the radiometric and geometric corrections were applied.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: LANDSAT-4 Sci. Invest. Summ., Including Dec. 1983 Workshop Results, Vol. 1; p 116-126
    Format: text
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2014-09-12
    Description: Descriptive and procedural background material for understanding results from radiometric calibration of the reflective bands and digital image products of the thermal mapper (TM) are discussed. The radiometric subsystems of the TM are described, with emphasis on the internal calibrator pulse shapes and timing cycle.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: LANDSAT-4 Sci. Invest. Summ., Including Dec. 1983 Workshop Results, Vol. 1; p 90-91
    Format: text
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2014-09-12
    Description: The MSS sensor image processing and resolution capabilities as well as a general system description are presented in chart form. Emphasis is placed on absolute radiometric calibration, video and wedge level timing sequence, focal plane dimensions, sampling sequence, and a description of the mirror coordinate systems.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: LANDSAT-4 Sci. Invest. Summ., Including Dec. 1983 Workshop Results, Vol. 1; p 31-40
    Format: text
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The image characteristics of digital data generated by LANDSAT 4 thematic mapper (TM) are discussed. Digital data from the TM resides in tape files at various stages of image processing. Within each image data file, the image lines are blocked by a factor of either 5 for a computer compatible tape CCT-BT, or 4 for a CCT-AT and CCT-PT; in each format, the image file has a different format. Nominal geometric corrections which provide proper geodetic relationships between different parts of the image are available only for the CCT-PT. It is concluded that detector 3 of band 5 on the TM does not respond; this channel of data needs replacement. The empty bin phenomenon in CCT-AT images results from integer truncations of mixed-mode arithmetric operations.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E84-10183 , NASA-TM-85620 , NAS 1.15:85620
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The results of the absolute radiometric calibration of the LANDSAT 4 thematic mapper, as determined during pre-launch tests with a 122 cm integrating sphere, are presented. Detailed results for the best calibration of the protoflight TM are given, as well as summaries of other tests performed on the sensor. The dynamic range of the TM is within a few per cent of that required in all bands, except bands 1 and 3. Three detectors failed to pass the minimum SNR specified for their respective bands: band 5, channel 3 (dead), band 2, and channels 2 and 4 (noisy or slow response). Estimates of the absolute calibration accuracy for the TM show that the detectors are typically calibrated to 5% absolute error for the reflective bands; 10% full-scale accuracy was specified. Ten tests performed to transfer the detector absolute calibration to the internal calibrator show a 5% range at full scale in the transfer calibration; however, in two cases band 5 showed a 10% and a 7% difference.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E84-10180 , NASA-TM-85600 , NAS 1.15:85600
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Raw thematic mapper (TM) calibration data from pre-launch tests and in-orbit acquisitions from LANDSAT 4 and 5 satellites are analyzed to assess the radiometric characteristics of the TM sensor. A software program called TM radiometric and algorithmic performance program (TRAPP) was used for the majority of analyses. Radiometric uncertainty in the final TM image originates from: (1) scene variability (solar irradiance and atmospheric scattering); (2) optical and electrical variability of the sensor; and (3) variability introduced during image processing.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E84-10179 , NASA-TM-85599 , NAS 1.15:85599
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The spectral coverage characteristics of the two thematic mapper instruments were determined by analyses of spectral measurements of the optics, filters, and detectors. The following results are presented: (1) band 2 and 3 flatness was slightly below specification, and band 7 flatness was below specification; (2) band 5 upper-band edge was higher than specifications; (3) band 2 band edges were shifted upward about 9 nm relative to nominal; and (4) band 4, 5, and 7 lower band edges were 16 to 18 nm higher then nominal.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E84-10184 , NASA-TM-85621 , NAS 1.15:85621
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Results are summarized and analyzed from several prelaunch tests with a 122 cm integrating sphere used as part of the absolute radiometric calibration experiments for the protoflight TM sensor carried on the LANDSAT-4 satellite. The calibration procedure is presented and the radiometric sensitivity of the TM is assessed. The internal calibrator and dynamic range after calibration are considered. Tables show dynamic range after ground processing, spectral radiance to digital number and digital number to spectral radiance values for TM bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and for channel 4 of band 6.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E84-10181 , NASA-TM-85601 , NAS 1.15:85601
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Computer compatible tapes (CCTs) of LANDSAT 4 thematic mapper (TM) digital image products are compared and reviewed. The following tape formats are discussed: (1) raw band-sequential data (CCT-BT); (2) calibrated data (CCT-AT); and (3) geometrically resampled data (CCT-PT). Each format represents different steps in the process of producing fully corrected TM data. The CCT-BT images are uncorrected radiometrically or geometrically, CCT-AT data are radiometrically calibrated, and CCT-PT images are both radiometrically and geometrically corrected.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E84-10178 , NASA-TM-85598 , NAS 1.15:85598
    Format: application/pdf
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