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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding ecology and life history variation of the blue tit in Mediterranean deciduous and sclerophyllous habitats (1991)
    Springer
    Oecologia 88 (1991), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Blue tit ; Diet ; Feeding frequency ; Breeding traits ; Evergreen habit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary High variation in laying date and clutch size of the blue tit between a Mediterranean mixed habitat on the mainland, southern France, and a sclerophyllous habitat on the island of Corsica is hypothesized to be related to differences in the food supply. The diet of the nestlings and feeding frequencies were studied using camera nestboxes and electronic chronographs. Food items brought to the nestlings were much more diverse on Corsica than on the mainland, including many fewer caterpillars and a wider range of taxa. However, when expressed as a volume index, prey items were on average larger on Corsica than on the mainland. Feeding frequencies were significantly lower on Corsica. A good correlation was found in both habitats between laying date and the caterpillar peak date, although both the leafing development of oaks and the peak of abundance of caterpillars occurred 3 weeks later in the Corsican sclerophyllous trees than in the mainland deciduous ones. Differences in the feeding ecology of tits between the two habitats are discussed in the light of the evergreen habit, which means that only 30% of leaves are available for phyllophagous insects instead of 100% in deciduous trees. the combination of a late and low food supply in evergreen trees is the best explanation for the differences in breeding traits betwen the two populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328397
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What are the consequences of being a downy oak (quercus pubescens) or a holm oak (Q. ilex) for breeding blue tits (Parus caeruleus)? (1992)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 99-100 (1992), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Quercus ilex ; Quercus pubescens ; Parus caeruleus ; Caterpillars ; Breeding traits ; Leafing phenology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract By comparison with deciduous oaks, the lower yearly production of new leaves in sclerophyllous oaks is hypothesized to have several consequences on animal communities. In particular, the production of arthropod communities that feed upon the leaves should be lower in sclerophyllous than in deciduous oaks, this causing changes in breeding patterns and the demographic balance in insectivorous birds. Studies in both deciduous and sclerophyllous habitats in southern France have shown that: 1) the spring development of new leaves occurs later and more slowly in sclerophyllous than in deciduous oaks, 2) the biomass of caterpillars is much lower in sclerophyllous oak forests, and 3) there is a large variation in life history traits of the Blue Tit depending in which type of habitat they breed. Laying date occurs later and clutch size is lower in sclerophyllous habitats than in deciduous habitats. The evolution of life history traits is discussed according to whether poor sclerophyllous habitats are isolated (e.g. on Corsica) or are parts of landscapes including both habitat types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00118218
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stromal influences on transformation of human mammary epithelial cells overexpressing c-myc and SV40T (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 145 (1990), S. 207-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The proto-oncogene c-myc and the oncogene SV40T, both of which have been implicated in the process of cellular immortalization in vitro, have been introduced via amphotropic retroviral expression vectors into the human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) line 184A1N4 (A1N4). Two stable cell lines were established by growth in selective medium and were found to overexpress either c-myc (A1N4-myc) or SV40T antigen (A1N4-T). Neither the A1N4, A1N4-myc, or A1N4-T cells will grow in soft agar or form tumors in nude mice. However, A1N4-T or A1N4-myc cells, but not the parental A1N4 cells, form colonies in soft agar in response to either epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor α (TGFα), or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Like EGF and TGFα, bFGF is moderately mitogenic for the anchorage-dependent growth (ADG) of all three cell lines. Further, co-cultivation of A1N4-T or A1N4-myc cells with primary diploid mammary fibroblasts can also induce the anchorage-independent growth (AIG) and stimulate the ADG of A1N4-T or A1N4-myc. In addition, conditioned medium obtained from these mammary fibroblasts also stimulated the AIG of the A1N4-T and A1N4-myc cells and was found to contain immunoreactive TGFα and bioactive FGF. The mammary fibroblasts express specific mRNA transcripts for bFGF and acidic FGF (aFGF). These results suggest that growth factors such as TFGα or FGF, which may be derived from the adjacent mammary stroma, might influence in a paracrine manner the phenotypic characteristics of a population of human mammary epithelial cells toward transformation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041450204
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on respiration of muscle in the presence of carbon monoxide (1938)
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 11 (1938), S. 91-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1030110106
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  • 5
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    Energetic and fitness costs of mismatching resource supply and demand in seasonally breeding birds (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-03
    Description: By advancing spring leaf flush and ensuing food availability, climatic warming results in a mismatch between the timing of peak food supply and nestling demand, shifting the optimal time for reproduction in birds. Two populations of blue tits (Parus caeruleus) that breed at different dates in similar, but spatially distinct, habitat types in Corsica and southern France provide a unique opportunity to quantify the energetic and fitness consequences when breeding is mismatched with local productivity. As food supply and demand become progressively mismatched, the increased cost of rearing young pushes the metabolic effort of adults beyond their apparent sustainable limit, drastically reducing the persistence of adults in the breeding population. We provide evidence that the economics of parental foraging and limits to sustainable metabolic effort are key selective forces underlying synchronized seasonal breeding and long-term shifts in breeding date in response to climatic change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomas, D W -- Blondel, J -- Perret, P -- Lambrechts, M M -- Speakman, J R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 30;291(5513):2598-600.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie, Nutrition et Energetique, Departement de Biologie, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada. d.thomas@courrier.usherb.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11283370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Climate ; *Energy Metabolism ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Food ; France ; Male ; *Nesting Behavior ; *Reproduction ; Seasons ; Songbirds/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Differentiation of embryonic stem cells to insulin-secreting structures similar to pancreatic islets (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-28
    Description: Although the source of embryonic stem (ES) cells presents ethical concerns, their use may lead to many clinical benefits if differentiated cell types can be derived from them and used to assemble functional organs. In pancreas, insulin is produced and secreted by specialized structures, islets of Langerhans. Diabetes, which affects 16 million people in the United States, results from abnormal function of pancreatic islets. We have generated cells expressing insulin and other pancreatic endocrine hormones from mouse ES cells. The cells self-assemble to form three-dimensional clusters similar in topology to normal pancreatic islets where pancreatic cell types are in close association with neurons. Glucose triggers insulin release from these cell clusters by mechanisms similar to those employed in vivo. When injected into diabetic mice, the insulin-producing cells undergo rapid vascularization and maintain a clustered, islet-like organization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lumelsky, N -- Blondel, O -- Laeng, P -- Velasco, I -- Ravin, R -- McKay, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 18;292(5520):1389-94. Epub 2001 Apr 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4092, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11326082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Calcium Signaling/drug effects ; Cell Aggregation ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cyclic AMP/pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism/pathology/therapy ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Humans ; Insulin/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/blood supply/drug effects/innervation/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Mice ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects ; Potassium/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Stem Cells/*cytology/drug effects/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    A poliovirus neutralization epitope expressed on hybrid hepatitis B surface antigen particles (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-25
    Description: The hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope protein carrying the surface antigen (HBsAg) is assembled with cellular lipids in mammalian cells into empty viral envelopes. In a study to evaluate the capacity of such particles to present foreign peptide sequences in a biologically active form, in-phase insertions were created in the S gene encoding the major envelope protein. One of the sequences inserted was a synthetic DNA fragment encoding a poliovirus neutralization epitope. Mammalian cells expressing the modified gene secreted hybrid particles closely resembling authentic 22-nanometer HBsAg particles. These particles reacted with a poliovirus-specific monoclonal antibody and induced neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus. The results indicate that empty viral envelopes of HBV may provide a means for the presentation of peptide sequences and for their export from mammalian cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Delpeyroux, F -- Chenciner, N -- Lim, A -- Malpiece, Y -- Blondel, B -- Crainic, R -- van der Werf, S -- Streeck, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 25;233(4762):472-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2425433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Viral/genetics/*immunology ; Epitopes/genetics/*immunology ; Genetic Engineering ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics/*immunology ; Mice ; Neutralization Tests ; Poliovirus/*immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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