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  • Articles  (97)
  • Humans  (65)
  • Animals  (59)
  • Base Sequence  (12)
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  • Articles  (97)
  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1998-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cook, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 4;281(5382):1466-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford OX2 3RE, UK. peter.cook@path.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9750117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; *DNA Replication ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-07-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cook-Deegan, R M -- McCormack, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):217.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057-1212, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Biotechnology/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Dna ; Databases, Factual ; Genomics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; *Intellectual Property ; *Patents as Topic ; Truth Disclosure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2001-06-26
    Description: It is widely assumed that the vital processes of transcription and translation are spatially separated in eukaryotes and that no translation occurs in nuclei. We localized translation sites by incubating permeabilized mammalian cells with [3H]lysine or lysyl-transfer RNA tagged with biotin or BODIPY; although most nascent polypeptides were cytoplasmic, some were found in discrete nuclear sites known as transcription "factories." Some of this nuclear translation also depends on concurrent transcription by RNA polymerase II. This coupling is simply explained if nuclear ribosomes translate nascent transcripts as those transcripts emerge from still-engaged RNA polymerases, much as they do in bacteria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iborra, F J -- Jackson, D A -- Cook, P R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 10;293(5532):1139-42. Epub 2001 Jun 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Biotin/metabolism ; Boron Compounds/metabolism ; COS Cells ; Cell Fractionation ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cell Nucleus/*genetics/metabolism ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Fluorescence ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein Transport ; Proteins/metabolism ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/metabolism ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1999-06-12
    Description: Models for replication and transcription often display polymerases that track like locomotives along their DNA templates. However, recent evidence supports an alternative model in which DNA and RNA polymerases are immobilized by attachment to larger structures, where they reel in their templates and extrude newly made nucleic acids. These polymerases do not act independently; they are concentrated in discrete "factories," where they work together on many different templates. Evidence for models involving tracking and immobile polymerases is reviewed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cook, P R -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1790-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK. Peter.Cook@Path.OX.AC.UK〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *DNA Replication ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Replication Origin ; Templates, Genetic ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2001-02-27
    Description: The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most potent source of interannual climate variability. Uncertainty surrounding the impact of greenhouse warming on ENSO strength and frequency has stimulated efforts to develop a better understanding of the sensitivity of ENSO to climate change. Here we use annually banded corals from Papua New Guinea to show that ENSO has existed for the past 130,000 years, operating even during "glacial" times of substantially reduced regional and global temperature and changed solar forcing. However, we also find that during the 20th century ENSO has been strong compared with ENSO of previous cool (glacial) and warm (interglacial) times. The observed pattern of change in amplitude may be due to the combined effects of ENSO dampening during cool glacial conditions and ENSO forcing by precessional orbital variations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tudhope, A W -- Chilcott, C P -- McCulloch, M T -- Cook, E R -- Chappell, J -- Ellam, R M -- Lea, D W -- Lough, J M -- Shimmield, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Feb 23;291(5508):1511-7. Epub 2001 Jan 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology & Geophysics, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, EH9 3JW, UK. mail: sandy.tudhope@ed.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11222850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate ; *Cnidaria/growth & development ; *Fossils ; *Geologic Sediments ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Papua New Guinea ; Rain ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Trace Elements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2002-10-19
    Description: Human impacts, including global change, may alter the composition of soil faunal communities, but consequences for ecosystem functioning are poorly understood. We constructed model grassland systems in the Ecotron controlled environment facility and manipulated soil community composition through assemblages of different animal body sizes. Plant community composition, microbial and root biomass, decomposition rate, and mycorrhizal colonization were all markedly affected. However, two key ecosystem processes, aboveground net primary productivity and net ecosystem productivity, were surprisingly resistant to these changes. We hypothesize that positive and negative faunal-mediated effects in soil communities cancel each other out, causing no net ecosystem effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bradford, M A -- Jones, T H -- Bardgett, R D -- Black, H I J -- Boag, B -- Bonkowski, M -- Cook, R -- Eggers, T -- Gange, A C -- Grayston, S J -- Kandeler, E -- McCaig, A E -- Newington, J E -- Prosser, J I -- Setala, H -- Staddon, P L -- Tordoff, G M -- Tscherko, D -- Lawton, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):615-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural Environment Research Council Centre for Population Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK. m.a.bradford@ic.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/growth & development ; Biomass ; Body Constitution ; Carbon/metabolism ; Ecological Systems, Closed ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fungi/growth & development ; Oxygen Consumption ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Development ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Poaceae/growth & development ; Population Density ; *Soil ; Soil Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: Using next-generation sequencing technology alone, we have successfully generated and assembled a draft sequence of the giant panda genome. The assembled contigs (2.25 gigabases (Gb)) cover approximately 94% of the whole genome, and the remaining gaps (0.05 Gb) seem to contain carnivore-specific repeats and tandem repeats. Comparisons with the dog and human showed that the panda genome has a lower divergence rate. The assessment of panda genes potentially underlying some of its unique traits indicated that its bamboo diet might be more dependent on its gut microbiome than its own genetic composition. We also identified more than 2.7 million heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the diploid genome. Our data and analyses provide a foundation for promoting mammalian genetic research, and demonstrate the feasibility for using next-generation sequencing technologies for accurate, cost-effective and rapid de novo assembly of large eukaryotic genomes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951497/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951497/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Ruiqiang -- Fan, Wei -- Tian, Geng -- Zhu, Hongmei -- He, Lin -- Cai, Jing -- Huang, Quanfei -- Cai, Qingle -- Li, Bo -- Bai, Yinqi -- Zhang, Zhihe -- Zhang, Yaping -- Wang, Wen -- Li, Jun -- Wei, Fuwen -- Li, Heng -- Jian, Min -- Li, Jianwen -- Zhang, Zhaolei -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Li, Dawei -- Gu, Wanjun -- Yang, Zhentao -- Xuan, Zhaoling -- Ryder, Oliver A -- Leung, Frederick Chi-Ching -- Zhou, Yan -- Cao, Jianjun -- Sun, Xiao -- Fu, Yonggui -- Fang, Xiaodong -- Guo, Xiaosen -- Wang, Bo -- Hou, Rong -- Shen, Fujun -- Mu, Bo -- Ni, Peixiang -- Lin, Runmao -- Qian, Wubin -- Wang, Guodong -- Yu, Chang -- Nie, Wenhui -- Wang, Jinhuan -- Wu, Zhigang -- Liang, Huiqing -- Min, Jiumeng -- Wu, Qi -- Cheng, Shifeng -- Ruan, Jue -- Wang, Mingwei -- Shi, Zhongbin -- Wen, Ming -- Liu, Binghang -- Ren, Xiaoli -- Zheng, Huisong -- Dong, Dong -- Cook, Kathleen -- Shan, Gao -- Zhang, Hao -- Kosiol, Carolin -- Xie, Xueying -- Lu, Zuhong -- Zheng, Hancheng -- Li, Yingrui -- Steiner, Cynthia C -- Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk -- Lin, Siyuan -- Zhang, Qinghui -- Li, Guoqing -- Tian, Jing -- Gong, Timing -- Liu, Hongde -- Zhang, Dejin -- Fang, Lin -- Ye, Chen -- Zhang, Juanbin -- Hu, Wenbo -- Xu, Anlong -- Ren, Yuanyuan -- Zhang, Guojie -- Bruford, Michael W -- Li, Qibin -- Ma, Lijia -- Guo, Yiran -- An, Na -- Hu, Yujie -- Zheng, Yang -- Shi, Yongyong -- Li, Zhiqiang -- Liu, Qing -- Chen, Yanling -- Zhao, Jing -- Qu, Ning -- Zhao, Shancen -- Tian, Feng -- Wang, Xiaoling -- Wang, Haiyin -- Xu, Lizhi -- Liu, Xiao -- Vinar, Tomas -- Wang, Yajun -- Lam, Tak-Wah -- Yiu, Siu-Ming -- Liu, Shiping -- Zhang, Hemin -- Li, Desheng -- Huang, Yan -- Wang, Xia -- Yang, Guohua -- Jiang, Zhi -- Wang, Junyi -- Qin, Nan -- Li, Li -- Li, Jingxiang -- Bolund, Lars -- Kristiansen, Karsten -- Wong, Gane Ka-Shu -- Olson, Maynard -- Zhang, Xiuqing -- Li, Songgang -- Yang, Huanming -- Wang, Jian -- Wang, Jun -- R01 HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003229-05/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 21;463(7279):311-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08696. Epub 2009 Dec 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; China ; Conserved Sequence/genetics ; Contig Mapping ; Diet/veterinary ; Dogs ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Fertility/genetics/physiology ; Genome/*genetics ; *Genomics ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Synteny/genetics ; Ursidae/classification/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2010-06-10
    Description: The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of conditions characterized by impairments in reciprocal social interaction and communication, and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviours. Individuals with an ASD vary greatly in cognitive development, which can range from above average to intellectual disability. Although ASDs are known to be highly heritable ( approximately 90%), the underlying genetic determinants are still largely unknown. Here we analysed the genome-wide characteristics of rare (〈1% frequency) copy number variation in ASD using dense genotyping arrays. When comparing 996 ASD individuals of European ancestry to 1,287 matched controls, cases were found to carry a higher global burden of rare, genic copy number variants (CNVs) (1.19 fold, P = 0.012), especially so for loci previously implicated in either ASD and/or intellectual disability (1.69 fold, P = 3.4 x 10(-4)). Among the CNVs there were numerous de novo and inherited events, sometimes in combination in a given family, implicating many novel ASD genes such as SHANK2, SYNGAP1, DLGAP2 and the X-linked DDX53-PTCHD1 locus. We also discovered an enrichment of CNVs disrupting functional gene sets involved in cellular proliferation, projection and motility, and GTPase/Ras signalling. Our results reveal many new genetic and functional targets in ASD that may lead to final connected pathways.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3021798/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3021798/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pinto, Dalila -- Pagnamenta, Alistair T -- Klei, Lambertus -- Anney, Richard -- Merico, Daniele -- Regan, Regina -- Conroy, Judith -- Magalhaes, Tiago R -- Correia, Catarina -- Abrahams, Brett S -- Almeida, Joana -- Bacchelli, Elena -- Bader, Gary D -- Bailey, Anthony J -- Baird, Gillian -- Battaglia, Agatino -- Berney, Tom -- Bolshakova, Nadia -- Bolte, Sven -- Bolton, Patrick F -- Bourgeron, Thomas -- Brennan, Sean -- Brian, Jessica -- Bryson, Susan E -- Carson, Andrew R -- Casallo, Guillermo -- Casey, Jillian -- Chung, Brian H Y -- Cochrane, Lynne -- Corsello, Christina -- Crawford, Emily L -- Crossett, Andrew -- Cytrynbaum, Cheryl -- Dawson, Geraldine -- de Jonge, Maretha -- Delorme, Richard -- Drmic, Irene -- Duketis, Eftichia -- Duque, Frederico -- Estes, Annette -- Farrar, Penny -- Fernandez, Bridget A -- Folstein, Susan E -- Fombonne, Eric -- Freitag, Christine M -- Gilbert, John -- Gillberg, Christopher -- Glessner, Joseph T -- Goldberg, Jeremy -- Green, Andrew -- Green, Jonathan -- Guter, Stephen J -- Hakonarson, Hakon -- Heron, Elizabeth A -- Hill, Matthew -- Holt, Richard -- Howe, Jennifer L -- Hughes, Gillian -- Hus, Vanessa -- Igliozzi, Roberta -- Kim, Cecilia -- Klauck, Sabine M -- Kolevzon, Alexander -- Korvatska, Olena -- Kustanovich, Vlad -- Lajonchere, Clara M -- Lamb, Janine A -- Laskawiec, Magdalena -- Leboyer, Marion -- Le Couteur, Ann -- Leventhal, Bennett L -- Lionel, Anath C -- Liu, Xiao-Qing -- Lord, Catherine -- Lotspeich, Linda -- Lund, Sabata C -- Maestrini, Elena -- Mahoney, William -- Mantoulan, Carine -- Marshall, Christian R -- McConachie, Helen -- McDougle, Christopher J -- McGrath, Jane -- McMahon, William M -- Merikangas, Alison -- Migita, Ohsuke -- Minshew, Nancy J -- Mirza, Ghazala K -- Munson, Jeff -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Noakes, Carolyn -- Noor, Abdul -- Nygren, Gudrun -- Oliveira, Guiomar -- Papanikolaou, Katerina -- Parr, Jeremy R -- Parrini, Barbara -- Paton, Tara -- Pickles, Andrew -- Pilorge, Marion -- Piven, Joseph -- Ponting, Chris P -- Posey, David J -- Poustka, Annemarie -- Poustka, Fritz -- Prasad, Aparna -- Ragoussis, Jiannis -- Renshaw, Katy -- Rickaby, Jessica -- Roberts, Wendy -- Roeder, Kathryn -- Roge, Bernadette -- Rutter, Michael L -- Bierut, Laura J -- Rice, John P -- Salt, Jeff -- Sansom, Katherine -- Sato, Daisuke -- Segurado, Ricardo -- Sequeira, Ana F -- Senman, Lili -- Shah, Naisha -- Sheffield, Val C -- Soorya, Latha -- Sousa, Ines -- Stein, Olaf -- Sykes, Nuala -- Stoppioni, Vera -- Strawbridge, Christina -- Tancredi, Raffaella -- Tansey, Katherine -- Thiruvahindrapduram, Bhooma -- Thompson, Ann P -- Thomson, Susanne -- Tryfon, Ana -- Tsiantis, John -- Van Engeland, Herman -- Vincent, John B -- Volkmar, Fred -- Wallace, Simon -- Wang, Kai -- Wang, Zhouzhi -- Wassink, Thomas H -- Webber, Caleb -- Weksberg, Rosanna -- Wing, Kirsty -- Wittemeyer, Kerstin -- Wood, Shawn -- Wu, Jing -- Yaspan, Brian L -- Zurawiecki, Danielle -- Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie -- Buxbaum, Joseph D -- Cantor, Rita M -- Cook, Edwin H -- Coon, Hilary -- Cuccaro, Michael L -- Devlin, Bernie -- Ennis, Sean -- Gallagher, Louise -- Geschwind, Daniel H -- Gill, Michael -- Haines, Jonathan L -- Hallmayer, Joachim -- Miller, Judith -- Monaco, Anthony P -- Nurnberger, John I Jr -- Paterson, Andrew D -- Pericak-Vance, Margaret A -- Schellenberg, Gerard D -- Szatmari, Peter -- Vicente, Astrid M -- Vieland, Veronica J -- Wijsman, Ellen M -- Scherer, Stephen W -- Sutcliffe, James S -- Betancur, Catalina -- 075491/Z/04/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- AS2077/Autism Speaks/ -- AS7462/Autism Speaks/ -- G0601030/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HD055751/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD055782/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD055784/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD35465/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- MC_U137761446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MH061009/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH06359/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH066673/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH080647/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH081754/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH52708/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH55284/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH57881/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH66766/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS026630/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS042165/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS049261/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA089392/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA089392-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD035465-01S1/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS026630/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS026630-15/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055748/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055748-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055748-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055748-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055751/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055751-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055782/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055782-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013423/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013423-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA019963/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA019963-01A2/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA019963-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA019963-03/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH052708-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH055284/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH055284-04/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH057881/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH057881-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061009/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061009-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH080647/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH080647-11/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH081754/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH081754-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042165/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS042165-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS049261/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS049261-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004422/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004422-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U10 MH066766-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD035469/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD035469-06/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD035469-07/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD035469-08/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD035469-09/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U19 HD035469-10/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U54 MH066673/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U54 MH066673-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000448/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):368-72. doi: 10.1038/nature09146. Epub 2010 Jun 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20531469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Case-Control Studies ; Cell Movement ; Child ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/*genetics/pathology/*physiopathology ; Cytoprotection ; DNA Copy Number Variations/*genetics ; Europe/ethnology ; Gene Dosage/*genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2008-02-26
    Description: Maintaining cell shape and tone is crucial for the function and survival of cells and tissues. Mechanotransduction relies on the transformation of minuscule mechanical forces into high-fidelity electrical responses. When mechanoreceptors are stimulated, mechanically sensitive cation channels open and produce an inward transduction current that depolarizes the cell. For this process to operate effectively, the transduction machinery has to retain integrity and remain unfailingly independent of environmental changes. This is particularly challenging for poikilothermic organisms, where changes in temperature in the environment may impact the function of mechanoreceptor neurons. Thus, we wondered how insects whose habitat might quickly vary over several tens of degrees of temperature manage to maintain highly effective mechanical senses. We screened for Drosophila mutants with defective mechanical responses at elevated ambient temperatures, and identified a gene, spam, whose role is to protect the mechanosensory organ from massive cellular deformation caused by heat-induced osmotic imbalance. Here we show that Spam protein forms an extracellular shield that guards mechanosensory neurons from environmental insult. Remarkably, heterologously expressed Spam protein also endowed other cells with superb defence against physically and chemically induced deformation. We studied the mechanical impact of Spam coating and show that spam-coated cells are up to ten times stiffer than uncoated controls. Together, these results help explain how poikilothermic organisms preserve the architecture of critical cells during environmental stress, and illustrate an elegant and simple solution to such challenge.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2387185/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2387185/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cook, Boaz -- Hardy, Robert W -- McConnaughey, William B -- Zuker, Charles S -- R01 EY006979/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY006979-18/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 20;452(7185):361-4. doi: 10.1038/nature06603. Epub 2008 Feb 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Neurobiology and Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0649, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18297055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Shape/*drug effects/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*cytology/drug effects/genetics/physiology ; Electrophysiology ; *Environment ; Eye Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Hot Temperature ; Humidity ; Mechanoreceptors/cytology/physiology ; Mechanotransduction, Cellular/*drug effects/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Osmotic Pressure ; Stimulation, Chemical ; Stress, Mechanical
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2008-10-17
    Description: Neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism and schizophrenia have long been attributed to genetic alterations, but identifying the genes responsible has proved challenging. Microarray experiments have now revealed abundant copy-number variation--a type of variation in which stretches of DNA are duplicated, deleted and sometimes rearranged--in the human population. Genes affected by copy-number variation are good candidates for research into disease susceptibility. The complexity of neuropsychiatric genetics, however, dictates that assessment of the biomedical relevance of copy-number variants and the genes that they affect needs to be considered in an integrated context.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cook, Edwin H Jr -- Scherer, Stephen W -- HD055751/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 16;455(7215):919-23. doi: 10.1038/nature07458.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, Illinois 60608, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/genetics ; Gene Dosage/*genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/*genetics ; Nervous System Diseases/*genetics ; Schizophrenia/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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