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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (13)
  • Animals  (4)
  • Arabidopsis thaliana  (2)
  • Earth Resources and Remote Sensing  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; Euglena gracills ; ccsA chloroplast gene ; cs(ch-42) nuclear gene
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; Euglena gracills ; ccsA chloroplast gene ; cs(ch-42) nuclear gene
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 3031-3045 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A theoretical approach to network formation by cyclotrimerization is presented which allows a full description of all network characteristics. Its application to trimerization of bisphenol-A dicyanateSystematic IUPAC name: 4,4′-isopropylidenebis(1,4-phenylene) dicyanate. shows full agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental data. Cyanate analysis was accomplished by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a photometric method. The experimental gel point (at conversion 50,4%) was in close agreement with theoretical predictions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 2031-2037 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: epoxies ; epoxy curing ; reactivity ; mobility ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of molecular structure on cure kinetics was studied using a new approach for characterizing the cure kinetics of thermosets in the glass transition region. Reactions in or near the glassy state are controlled by chain mobility, where the whole structural unit undergoes small-angle oscillation motions around the network link. All structural features affecting the mobility such as stiffness, bulky structures, substitution, symmetry effects, and functionality lead to high segment activation energies and slow final curing. The influence of the segment activation energy on the kinetic curves is also discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 1879-1886 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: kinetics ; glass temperature ; thermoset curing ; polymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A theoretical approach to thermoset cure kinetics based on Arrhenius kinetics and mobility was developed by considering the activation of the reacting group and chain mobility as elementary steps for reaction. This extended kinetic equation was successfully applied to the curing of an epoxy by an amine, the trimerization of a cyanate, and to the polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Full agreement between theory and experimental data was obtained in all cases. The activation energies for chain mobility were exceptionally low (0.3-1 kJ/mol for bisphenol-A-based epoxy and cyanate) which indicates that the structural units must undergo only small-angle rotational oscillations to allow a reaction. A theoretical time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram is also presented. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 25 (1972), S. 187-191 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 35 (1974), S. 75-83 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The degree of mutual penetration of random coils close to the ϑ-point was investigated by evaluation of the maximum conversion of the reaction of a OH-groups containing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with a COCl-groups containing PMMA in a mixture of benzene and n-hexane. We have found, that the degree of coil penetration in ϑ-solvents has the same value as in good solvents, namely 5 to 20% of the coil volume with a polymer concentration of 10 to 30 wt.-%. Sterical factors are discussed as the reason for the small mutual penetration of the coils. Because of 1-T/ϑ = 0 no energy barrier can be present.
    Notes: Durch Reaktion eines OH-Gruppen enthaltenden Polymethacrylsäuremethylesters (PMMA) mit einer äquivalenten Menge eines COCl-Gruppen enthaltenden PMMA und Bestimmung des maximal erreichbaren Umsatzes in Benzol-n-Hexan-Gemischen wurde der Grad der gegenseitigen Knäueldurchdringung in der Nähe des ϑ-Zustandes untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, daß der Grad der Knäueldurchdringung im ϑ-Zustand in der gleichen Größenordnung liegt wie in guten Lösungsmitteln, nämlich von 5 bis 20% des Knäuelvolumens, steigend in einem Konzentrationsbereich von 10 bis 30 Gew.-% Polymeres in der Lösung. Sterische Faktoren werden als Ursache dafür angesehen, daß die Knäuel trotz des Fehlens einer Energieschwelle (1-T/ϑ = 0) sich kaum durchdringen und nur in den Kontaktzonen verzahnt sind.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 3 (1968), S. 182-189 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The entanglement (mutual toothing) of random coils in concentrated polymer solutions was tested by crosslinking-reaction of two polybutylacrylate-copolymers Ax and AY. AX is a copolymer of butylacrylate (BA) with the monoacrylic ester of butanediole (1-20 mole- % OH-groups) and AY is a copolymer of BA with isocyanatoethylacrylate (1-20 mole- % —N = C = O). The maximum conversion U of this reaction, which can be realized, depends on the polymer content of the solution and on the content [X] of functional groups X or Y in the copolymer chains. By extrapolation of the experimental curves U = f([X]) to [X] = 0 the extent of the entanglement for non crosslinked random coils could be determined. It was found, that the toothing-zone increases with the polymer content of the solution from 0 (at 5 g polymer in 100 g solution) to about 20 % of the total volume of the swollen coils at 30 g polymer in 100 g solution, that is only a relatively small border zone of the coils.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The mutual penetration of random coils in concentrated solutions and gels was investigated by comparison of two crosslinking reactions, which have been carried out under similar conditions:1. Reaction of an OH-groups containing copolymer of n-butylacrylate with hexamethylenediisocyanate2. Reaction of an OH-groups containing copolymer of n-butylacrylate with a NCO-groups containing copolymer of n-butylacrylate.Reaction 1 leads in a short time to a conversion of nearly 100°o, while reaction 2 does not exceed conversions lying between 5 and 20%, even after very long reaction times. The influence of crosslinking and incompatibility, which restricts the diffusion of chain segments and thus the reaction 2 was eliminated by extrapolation of the conversion rates to very small OH and NCO concentrations in the polymer chains. The conversion rates of the limiting conversion [U,], obtained in this way, correspond to the zones of mutual penetration in concentrated polymer solutions and gels.The depth of these contact zones depends on the polymer concentration and reaches at 30% polymer concentration about 18% of the whole coil volume, which means, that in such solutions the polymer coils are arranged in a closed package of individual particles, which do not, excepting the small border zones, penetrate each other.Concentrated polymer solutions and gels have therefore the morphological structure of cellular tissues or soap foams, where the thickness of the „cell walls“ increases with increasing polymer concentration. The diameter and the volume of the single coil decreases with increasing polymer concentration, caused by the decreasing space per macromolecule.
    Notes: Die gegenseitige Durchdringung statistischer Knäuel in konzentrierten Polymerlösungen und Gelen wurde durch Vergleich zweier unter gleichen Bedingungen durchgeführter Vernetnzungsreaktionen untersucht:1. Reaktion eines OH-Gruppen enthaltenden Butylacrylatcopolymeren mit Hexamethylendiisocyanat,2. Reaction eines OH-Gruppen enthaltenden Butylacrylatcopolymeren mit einem Isocyanatgruppen enthaltenden Butylacrylatcopolymeren.Reaction I führt in kurzer Zeit zu einem Umsatz, der nahe bei 100% liegt, während Reaktion 2 auch nach beliebig langen Reaktionszeiten Umsätze zwischen 5 und 20% nicht überschreitet, Dem die Diffusion von Kettensegmenten und damit die Reaktion 2 behindernden Einfluß von Vernetzung und Unverträglichkeit wurde durch Extrapolation der Umsatzwerte auf sehr geringe Konzentrationen von OH und NCO in der Polymerkette Rechnung getragen, Die so erhaltenen Zahlenwert für den Grenzumsatz [Uo] entsprechen den Zonen gegenseitiger Knäueldurchdringung in konzentrierten Polymerlösungen und Gelen. Die Tiefe dieser Kontaktzonen hängt von der Polymerkonzentration ab und erreicht bei 30-proz. Polymerlösungen ca. 18% des gesamten Volumens. Das bedeutet, daß die Polymerknäuel in solchen Löngen in dichter Packung als individuelle Partikel vorliegen, die sich bis auf schmale Randzonen gegenseitig nicht durchdringen. Konzentrierte Polymerlösungen und Gele besitzen also die morphologische Struktur von Zellgeweben oder von Seifenschaum, wobei die Stärke der „Zellwände“ mit steigender Polymerkonzentration zunimmt. Knäuelradius und Volumen der Einzelknäuel nehmen with mit steigender Knozentration entsprechend dem geringer werdenden Raum pro Makromolekül ab.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 333-340 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: glass temperature ; dendritic polymers ; structure ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A theoretical treatment of the glass temperature of dendritic polymers is presented. The influences of polymer backbone, end group, initiator core, branching unit, composition and functionality are discussed. In dendritic polymers the glass temperature is dependent only on the generation number of dendritic growth and thus only on the molecular weight of a dendron, but not on the molecular weight of the whole molecule. It is governed primarily by the backbone glass temperature and depends little on branching functionality. Only minor differences between linear polymer and dendrite are obtained, since the influences of end groups and branching compensate each other to a large extent. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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