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  • 1
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/10037 | 4006 | 2015-06-01 17:38:17 | 10037 | Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Marine mammals accumulate heavy metals in their tissues at different concentrations according to trophic levels and environmental conditions. The franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei) is a small coastal species inhabiting the marine and estuarine areas of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Its diet includes numerous species of small fish, squid and crustaceans. The aims of this study were to (i) assess the heavy metal concentration and burden distribution in different franciscana age classes and sex, and to (ii) evaluate both the accumulation processes and the transplacental transference of zinc, cadmium, copper and total mercury. Heavy metal concentrations (wet weight) were determined in eighteen dolphins by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS),by the cold vapour technique (mercury) or with air/acetylene flame (cadmium, zinc and copper). Liver showed the highest concentrations of mercury (max. 8.8 mg/g), zinc (max. 29.7 mg/g) and copper (max. 19.0 mg/g), whereas the highest cadmium concentrations (max. 6.7 mg/g) were found in kidney. Adults contained the highest concentrations for all heavy metals, followed by juveniles and calves in decreasing order, suggesting an age-related accumulation. No differences (p〈0.05) were found betweensexes within each age class. Organ burden distribution followed the same pattern for all metals and age classes: liver tissues contained maximum burdens. Mercury concentrations were higher than those of cadmium in both foetuses and newborns; and neither metal could be detected in the foetus. The analysed data suggested differences in the placental transference between metals, being significant for mercury and almost null in the case of cadmium. We can conclude that franciscana accumulates heavymetals and, due to its coastal distribution, it may be considered as a biomonitor of its environment.SPANISH: Los mamíferos marinos acumulan metales pesados en sus tejidos cuyas concentraciones están en relación con su nivel trófico y las condiciones ambientales. La franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei) es una especie costera que habita áreas marinas y estuariales en el Atlántico Sudoccidental. Su dieta está constituída por peces, como item alimentario principal, calamares y crustáceos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar la distribución de metales pesados en diferentes clases de edad y en ambos sexos, evaluando procesos de acumulación y cargas de cadmio, mercurio total, cinc y cobre. Las concentraciones de metales pesados (enpeso húmedo) fueron determinadas en dieciocho delfines por Espectrofotometría de Absorción Atómica (EAA), usando la técnica de vapor frío (mercurio) o llama de aire/acetileno (cadmio, cinc y cobre). El hígado presentó las concentraciones más altas de mercurio (máx. 8,8 mg/g), cinc (máx. 29,7 mg/g) y cobre (máx. 19,0 mg/g), mientras que las más altas de cadmio (máx. 6,7 mg/g) fueron encontradasen el riñón. Los adultos presentaron los niveles más altos, presentando los juveniles y cachorros concentraciones menores, lo cual sugirió una acumulación con la edad. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (p 〈 0,05) entre sexos dentro de cada clase de edad. Las cargas de metales pesados en los órganos presentaron la misma disribución para todos los metales y clases de edad. Los valoresmás altos fueron encontrados en el hígado, incluyendo los correspondientes a cadmio. Las concentraciones de mercurio y cadmio fueron no detectables en el feto, mientras que las de mercurio fueron superiores a las de cadmio en los cachorros. Los datos encontrados en el feto sugieren una transferencia nula a través de la placenta. Podemos concluir que P.blainvillei acumula metales pesados ensus tejidos y debido a su distribución costera, esta especie puede ser considerada como un biomonitor de su ambiente.
    Description: Special Issue No. 1, 2002
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Environment ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 95-106
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    In:  Journal of South American Earth Sciences, Special Issue, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 319-520
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: CC 1/2 ; Coordinating Committee ; Andean
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 28 (1989), S. 1475-1484 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By use of agarose gel electrophoresis, the sieving of spherical particles in agarose gels has been quantitated and modeled for spheres with a radius (R) between 13.3 and 149 mm. For quantitation, the electrophoretic mobility has been determined as a function of agarose percentage (A). Because a previously used model of sieving [D. Rodbard and A. Chrambach (1970) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 65, 970-977] was found incompatible with some of these data, alternative models have been tested. By use of an underivatized agarose, two models, both based on the assumption of a single effective pore radius (PE) for each A, were found to yield PE values that were independent of R and that were in agreement with values of PE obtained independently (PE = 118 nm × A-0.74): sieving by altered hydrodynamics in a cylindrical tube of radius, PE, and sieving by steric exclusion from a circular hole of radius, PE. The same analysis applied to a 6.5% hydroxyethylated commercial agarose yileded a steeper PE vs A plot and also agreement of the above tow models with the data. The PE vs A plot was significantly altered by both further hydroxyethylation and factors that cause variation in the electro-osmosis found in commercial agarose.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 76 (1993), S. 187-196 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Crystalline N-hydroxyamino-acid derivatives 4, readily available from non-chiral acyl chlorides 2 and sultams 1, were treated with aldehydes in the presence of NaBH3CN to give N-alkylhydroxylamines 5. N,O-Hydrogenolysis of 5 and saponification of 6 furnished (S)-N-alkylamino acids 7 in high optical purity. Similarly, (R)-N-alkylamino acids 12 were obtained from the antipodal acylsultams 8.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 1413-1419 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Alkylierung der 5-Stellung von Triessigsäurelacton durch [2,3]-sigmatrope Umlagerung von Sulfonium-YlidenDie Reaktionen von 4-Methoxy-6-(phenylthiomethyl)-2H-pyran-2-onen 4 mit drei verschiedenen Diazoverbindungen unter Kupfer- oder Rhodium-Katalyse liefern entsprechende Sulfonium-Ylide, die durch [2,3]-sigmatrope Umlagerung und nachfolgende Prototropie die Pyrone 6, die an der schwer zugänglichen 5-Stellung funktionalisiert sind, ergeben. Entschwefelung von 6 mit desaktiviertem Raney-Nickel ergibt die Pyrone 17-19. Der Einfluß der experimentellen Bedingungen auf die Konkurrenz von [2,3]-sigmatroper und Stevens-Umlagerung wurde bei der Reaktion von 4-Methoxy-6-(phenylthiomethyl)-2H-pyran-2-on (4a) mit Diazomalonsäure-dimethylester studiert. Zusammen mit den aus [2,3]-sigmatroper und Stevens-Umlagerungen abgeleiteten Verbindungen 6d und 8 wurden noch andere Produkte (9, 10 und 11), die über Sulfonium-Ylid-Gleichgewichtseinstellung und Radikalverknüpfung entstehen, isoliert.
    Notes: Reactions of the 4-methoxy-6-(phenylthiomethyl)-2H-pyran-2-ones 4 with three different diazo compounds under copper or rhodium catalysis give the corresponding sulphonium ylides, which through [2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement and further prototropy afford the pyrones 6, functionalized at the difficutly accessible position C-5. Desulphurations of products 6 with deactivated Raney nickel give the pyrones 17-19. The influence of the experimental conditions on the competition between [2,3] sigmatropic and Stevens rearrangement has been studied for the reaction of 4-methoxy-6-(phenylthiomethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one (4a) and dimethyl diazomalonate. Several products (9, 10, and 11) arising from sulphonium ylides equilibration and radical recombination have been found in addition to the [2,3] sigmatropic and the Stevens rearrangement products 6d and 8.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 3801-3812 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: photopolymerization ; new bimolecular photoinitiator system ; photocalorimetry ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photoreduction behavior of p-nitroaniline (pNA) in the presence of N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) induced by both steady-state (365 nm) and laser (337 nm) irradiation has been analyzed. The stoichiometry of the photoreduction reaction revealed that several amino radicals derived from DMA were generated by each photoreduced pNA molecule. The polymerization kinetics of the lauryl acrylate monomer (LA) photoinitiated by the pNA/DMA system has been studied by differential scanning photocalorimetry (Photo-DSC). The rate of polymerization was found to be proportional to the square root of both the incident light and the coinitiator DMA concentration. The order of the polymerization reaction with respect to monomer and initiator concentration was determined, as well as the polymerization behavior under aerobic conditions. The polymerization efficiency of this photoinitiated system was much higher than that obtained with conventional aromatic ketone photoinitiators. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3801-3812, 1997
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 201-211 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The inhibitory effect of ethanol is studied during alcoholic fermentation in strict anaerobiosis (initial dissolved oxygen stripped by gasing pure nitrogen). It is demonstrated that the ethanol produced during the batch fermentation is more inhibitory than the added ethanol (in the range of 0 to 72.6g/liter). By analogy with noncompetitive enzyme kinetic inhibition, the inhibition constant for added ethanol is 105.2 g/liter and 3.8 g/liter for produced ethanol, which exhibits the same inhibition effects in all experiments where ethanol was added. The measurement of the intracellular alcohol concentration can explain the dual inhibitory effects of ethanol.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 819-824 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The efficiency of two different agitation systems (airlift and paddlewheel) in the biomass photoproduction of a nitrogen-fixing filamentous blue-green alga was evaluated outdoors, and the elemental and molecular composition of the cells grown with each system was analyzed. With the paddlewheel system, the productivity values achieved were over 30% higher than with the airlift system, both in summer and winter. In this last season, a conversion efficiency of total solar energy into stored biomass energy of 3.3% was estimated for the paddlewheel system. Moreover, the algal cells grown with this system exhibited a higher net protein (58.9% of dry weight) and nitrogen (11.3%) content than those grown with the airlift device, with an estimated nitrogen fixation rate of more than 2 g N m-2 day-1. These advantages of the paddlewheel system make this procedure more appropriate for the large-scale photoproduction of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae outdoors.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Catharanthus roseus ; ajmalicine production ; enzyme activities ; dissolved oxygen ; nutrients concentration ; high density culture ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxygen and nutrient limitation was investigated in order to identify the origin of a lower specific ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus cultures at high cell densities in an induction medium. The effect of oxygen limitation was explored by comparing two identically aerated and agitated high cell density bioreactor cultures with dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 15% and 85% of air saturation, with respect to alkaloid formation and related enzymes activities. Oxygen had an evident effect on ajmalicine production: in the high DO cultures production was more than 5 times higher than in the low DO cultures. The difference in ajmalicine production between high and low DO could not be explained by the enzyme activity profiles. Moreover, the productivity in the high density culture could not restored to the level of a low density culture (at a high DO) by increasing the DO alone. The effect of nutrient limitation was studied with response surface methodology in shake flask cultures. Nutrient limitation could not be demonstrated to be responsible for the productivity loss. Alkaloid and enzyme measurements in the shake flask cultures supported previous findings that the tryptamine pathway may regulate alkaloid production, provided that the terpenoid pathway is sufficiently active. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 681-685 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biomass energetic yield ; cyanobacterial composition ; degree of reduction ; growth temperature ; heat of combustion ; maintenance coefficient ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of growth pahase and temperature on the molecular and elemental composition of Anabaena variabilis cells grown under nitrogen-fixing conditions have been studied in batch cultures. Irrespective of the growth temperature, this cyanobacterium underwent a gradual increase in its protein and lipid contents in the transition from exponential to deceleration pahse that was accompanied by a parallel decrease in carbohydrates and nucleic acids. Also in response to this, transition increases in carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen contents with a concomitant decline in oxygen content was a common pattern for all growth temperatures tested. Whereas temperature rise did not affect significantly the protein and carbohydrate contents in exponentially growing cells, for cells in the deceleration phase proteins declined and carbohydrates increased with increasing temperature. From growth and elemental composition data several bioenergetic parameters were derived for A. variabilis cells. Both aging of cultures and rise in temperature resulted in increases of both biomass degree of reduction and heat of combustion. Nevertheless, biomass energetic yield was only slightly affected by variations in growth temperature and the maintenance coefficient was virtually constant within the range of temperatures tested. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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