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  • 1
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    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 159, no. 22, pp. 662-664, (ISBN 0-470-87000-1 (HB), ISBN 0-470-87001-X (PB))
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake ; Textbook of geophysics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-07-13
    Description: We introduce a technique to compute exact anelastic sensitivity kernels in the time domain using parsimonious disk storage. The method is based on a reordering of the time loop of time-domain forward/adjoint wave propagation solvers combined with the use of a memory buffer. It avoids instabilities that occur when time-reversing dissipative wave propagation simulations. The total number of required time steps is unchanged compared to usual acoustic or elastic approaches. The cost is reduced by a factor of 4/3 compared to the case in which anelasticity is partially accounted for by accommodating the effects of physical dispersion. We validate our technique by performing a test in which we compare the K α sensitivity kernel to the exact kernel obtained by saving the entire forward calculation. This benchmark confirms that our approach is also exact. We illustrate the importance of including full attenuation in the calculation of sensitivity kernels by showing significant differences with physical-dispersion-only kernels.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: We present a novel earthquake location method using acoustic wave-equation-based traveltime inversion. The linear relationship between the location perturbation ( t 0 , x s ) and the resulting traveltime residual t of a particular seismic phase, represented by the traveltime sensitivity kernel K ( t 0 , x s ) with respect to the earthquake location ( t 0 , x s ), is theoretically derived based on the adjoint method. Traveltime sensitivity kernel K ( t 0 , x s ) is formulated as a convolution between the forward and adjoint wavefields, which are calculated by numerically solving two acoustic wave equations. The advantage of this newly derived traveltime kernel is that it not only takes into account the earthquake–receiver geometry but also accurately honours the complexity of the velocity model. The earthquake location is obtained by solving a regularized least-squares problem. In 3-D realistic applications, it is computationally expensive to conduct full wave simulations. Therefore, we propose a 2.5-D approach which assumes the forward and adjoint wave simulations within a 2-D vertical plane passing through the earthquake and receiver. Various synthetic examples show the accuracy of this acoustic wave-equation-based earthquake location method. The accuracy and efficiency of the 2.5-D approach for 3-D earthquake location are further verified by its application to the 2004 Big Bear earthquake in Southern California.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: We present a novel earthquake location method using acoustic wave-equation-based traveltime inversion. The linear relationship between the location perturbation ( t 0 , x s ) and the resulting traveltime residual t of a particular seismic phase, represented by the traveltime sensitivity kernel K ( t 0 , x s ) with respect to the earthquake location ( t 0 , x s ), is theoretically derived based on the adjoint method. Traveltime sensitivity kernel K ( t 0 , x s ) is formulated as a convolution between the forward and adjoint wavefields, which are calculated by numerically solving two acoustic wave equations. The advantage of this newly derived traveltime kernel is that it not only takes into account the earthquake–receiver geometry but also accurately honours the complexity of the velocity model. The earthquake location is obtained by solving a regularized least-squares problem. In 3-D realistic applications, it is computationally expensive to conduct full wave simulations. Therefore, we propose a 2.5-D approach which assumes the forward and adjoint wave simulations within a 2-D vertical plane passing through the earthquake and receiver. Various synthetic examples show the accuracy of this acoustic wave-equation-based earthquake location method. The accuracy and efficiency of the 2.5-D approach for 3-D earthquake location are further verified by its application to the 2004 Big Bear earthquake in Southern California.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 21 (1992), S. 293-298 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: To identify the source of a ream defect in float glass, the chemical composition of the ream has to be accurately determined, which can only be achieved by the electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) technique. Two ream samples were analyzed with EPMA. Because of the high mobility of the Na ion, caution had to be exercised to use a very low electron beam density during data acquisition. The results show that the reams in both cases are SiO2 rich, but one has more Na whereas the other has less Na than the base glass, pointing to possible different causes to the ream problems. In view of the fact that the compositional difference between a ream and the base glass is very small, several approaches were used to confirm the analytical results: the statistical t-test, the digital elemental mapping and the compositional profiling. The differential etching analysis technique was also used to supplement the information on the chemistry and structure of a ream.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 22 (1991), S. 525-528 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The Raman spectrum of a CuSO4 · 5H2O single crystal was measured at 95 K. The assignment of the internal modes of the molecular complex Cu2+ (H2O)4 and of differently bonded water molecules is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 21 (1990), S. 577-584 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The martensitic-austenitic phase transition in zirconia was investigated as a function of temperature and pressure using Raman and IR spectroscopy. The frequencies and symmetries of the phonon modes corresponding to the monoclinic (M), C2h5 (4 molecules per unit cell) structure were identified at 300 K and 1 atm. The temperatureinduced transition to the tetragonal (TI), D4h15 structure (2 molecules per unit cell) showed thermal hysteresis (1225 ↔ 1425 K). The corresponding pressure-induced transition at room temperature showed a pressure hysteresis (3.4 ↔ 3.95 GPa). However, the structural transition was to a different tetragonal modification (TII) with D2h or C4v symmetry with 4 molecules per unit cell.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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