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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (140)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of PVC stabilization with epoxides using dynamic pH determinations (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 1777-1785 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The activation energy (Ea) for the dehydrochlorination of PVC and PVC stabilized with an epoxide was determined by a method involving dynamic pH measurements. The Ea increase was 5 kcal/mole between unformulated PVC (Ea = 22.6 kcal/mole) and any of the other formulations (Ea = 27.7-28.6 kcal/mole). On the basis of this and data contained in the literature, research alternatives for the stabilization mechanism are proposed using model compounds.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070240801
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of different cross-linking systems on properties of highly saturated nitrile rubber compounds (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 1073-1078 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The peroxide curing of highly saturated nitrile rubber was analyzed. Reactions such as chain scission occurred that account for the drop in physical properties. The results are compared with an alternative cross-linking that is currently being assessed. With a new curing agent the chain-scission reaction was not present and the properties of the compounds were improved. Finally, an estimation of the free volume of the materials tested was attempted by using the WLF equation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070540809
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the magnetic behavior of the MA 956 superalloy (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 37 (1997), S. 453-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: magnetic behavior ; ferritic superalloy ; alumina coatings ; thermal oxidation treatment ; surgical implants ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: MA 956 superalloy is a ferritic stainless material which develops a fine, dense, and well-adhered α-alumina layer upon heat treatment at elevated temperatures. This unique capability makes MA 956 attractive for surgical implants. In this work, the magnetic behavior of the material before and after thermal oxidation treatment required to develop the alumina layer is investigated. The thermal oxidation treatment yields a microstructure of elongated grains and a significant change in the texture. Despite these strong microstructural differences between the as-received and heat-treated materials, the hysteretic behavior is not greatly affected by them. MA 956 is a soft magnetic material irrespective of the material condition. The coercitive force and residual magnetization of the material are somewhat lower under heat-treated conditions than in the as-received condition. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 37, 453-456, 1997.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyanhydride-imides (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 55 (1976), S. 85-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Acht Imid-dicarbonsäuren wurden aus Trimellitsäureanhydrid, Pyromellitsäureanhydrid und verschiedenen aliphatischen Aminocarbonsäuren (HOOC—(CH2)n—NH2, n = 1,2,3,5) synthetisiert.Die entsprechenden Copolyimid-anhydride wurden nach den üblichen Methoden in Anwesenheit von Essigsäureanhydrid hergestellt1,2.Die Copolyimide haben eine aliphatisch-aromatische Struktur; ihre Eigenschaften wurden in Abhängigkeit der Struktur untersucht und durch IR-Spektren, Elementaranalyse und viskosimetrische Messungen charakterisiert. Löslichkeit, Hydrolysierbarkeit und Wärmestabilität wurden bestimmt.
    Notes: Eight imide-diacids were synthesized from trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride and aminoacids of the formula HOOC—(CH2)n—NH2, with n = 1,2,3,5. From them, polyanhydride-imides were obtained following a general method of formation of polyanhydrides in the presence of acetic anhydride1,2.These co-polyimides have an aliphatic-aromatic structure and the relation between the general properties and the amount of the aliphatic part in the repeat unit was studied. IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and viscosity measurements were used for the characterization. Studies of solubility, hydrolysis resistance and thermal properties were also made.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1976.050550107
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Side-chain crystallinity, heat of melting, and thermal transitions in poly[N-(10-n-alkyloxycarbonyl-n-decyl)maleimides] (PEMI) (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 18 (1980), S. 2197-2207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The heat of melting, the melting temperature Tm, and the sub-Tg transition temperature have been studied from -120°C to above Tm in a series of 11 poly[N-(10-n-alkyloxycarbonyl-n-decyl)]-maleimides (PEMI). Side-chains from ethyl to n-docosyl with n even have been included. The contribution to the heat of melting per methylene group shows that the hexagonal paraffin crystal modification is present in these poly(N-maleimides), in agreement with x-ray data for the same compounds. The enthalpy data show that only a part of the outer methylene groups are present in the crystalline aggregates. Furthermore, DSC traces exhibit a typical distribution of crystallite sizes, which become narrower as the side-chains become longer. The critical chain length needed to form a stable nucleus includes nine methylene groups in the outer part of the n-alkyl side-chain. The influence of the side-chain length and crystallinity on the γ-transition temperature of these polymers was also investigated. In the range where these polymers are essentially amorphous the sub-Tg transition temperature decreases continuously as the number of methylene groups in the side-chain increases. This transition is attributed to internal motion within the external side-group without any interaction with the main chain. This is presumably made possibly by the partial rotation of the oxycarbonyl group. We suggest that this transition is similar to the well known γ transition which has been attributed to various segmental motions in all ethylene copolymers and in all homopolymers containing a determined number of—CH2—units in the main-chain or in the side-chain. Estimates based on the chemical structure, yield a value for the γ transition of —CH2—similar to that measured by other methods in polyethylene and related materials.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.180181104
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The adsorption of tannic acid on hydrophilic cotton and its effect on the electrokinetic properties of this cellulose fibre in a cationic dye solution (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 38 (1987), S. 96-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Meßergebnisse zur Adsorption von Tannin auf hydrophiler Baumwolle bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen werden vorgestellt. Die Thermodynamik des Adsorptionsgleichgewichtes des Tannins wird untersucht. Mit zunehmender Temperatur nimmt die Menge des adsorbierten Tannins ab. Das Adsorptionsgleichgewicht des Tannins läßt sich durch eine Adsorptionsisotherme nach Freundlich beschreiben. Weiterhin wurde das Strömungspotential des Systems Cellulose/Tannin/Rhodamin-B-Lösung untersucht, und der Einfluß der Beize auf die elektrokinetischen Eigenschaften der mit einem kationischen Farbstoff gefärbten Cellulosefasern wurde analysiert. Das Verhalten des elektrokinetischen Potentials konnte im wesentlichen durch die Bildung von H-Brücken zwischen den phenolischen Hydroxylgruppen des Tannins und den Carboxygruppen der Cellulose sowie durch die elektrostatische Anziehung zwischen dem Farbstoff-Kation und der Faseroberfläche erklärt werden.
    Notes: Data on the adsorption of tannic acid on the hydrophilic cotton at different temperatures are presented. The thermodynamics of the adsorption equilibria of tannic acid is investigated, and it is established that the increase in temperature decreases the amount of tannic acid adsorbed. The adsorption equilibria of tannic acid are described by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Also, an experimental investigation on streaming potentials of cellulose/tannic acid/Rhodamine B solutions system is described and the effect of the mordant on the electrokinetic properties of cellulosic fibres dyed with a cationic dye is analyzed. The behaviour of the electrokinetic potential could be explained mainly by the H-bonds formed between the phenolic hydroxy groups of tannic acid and the carboxy groups of cellulose and by the electrostatic attraction between the dye cation and the surface of the fibre.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1987.010380121
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependence between fusion temperatures and chemical components of a certain type of coal using classical, non-parametric and bootstrap techniques (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 4 (1990), S. 429-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Principal components ; Multiple and stepwise regression ; Non-parametric density and regression estimation ; Bootstrap inference ; Canonical correlation ; PLS regression ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A statistical study of the dependence between various critical fusion temperatures of a certain kind of coal and its chemical components is carried out. As well as using classical dependence techniques (multiple, stepwise and PLS regression, principal components, canonical correlation, etc.) together with the corresponding inference on the parameters of interest, non-parametric regression and bootstrap inference are also performed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180040606
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol) during the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate using poly(vinyl alcohol) as emulsifier (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 849-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: vinyl acetate ; emulsion polymerization of ; poly(vinyl alcohol) emulsifier ; poly(vinyl alcohol) ; grafting onto ; acetonitrile/water extraction ; water-soluble PVA ; water-insoluble PVA ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: During the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as stabilizer and potassium persulfate as initiator, the VAc reacts with PVA forming PVA-graft-PVAc. When the grafted polymer reaches a critical size it becomes water-insoluble and precipitates from the aqueous phase contributing to the formation of polymer particles. Since particle formation and therefore the properties of the final latex will depend on the degree of grafting, it is important to quantify and to characterize the grafted PVA. In this work, the quantitative separation and characterization of the grafted water-insoluble PVA was carried out by a two-step selective solubilization of the PVAc latex, first with acetonitrile to separate PVAc homopolymer, followed by water to separate the water-soluble PVA from the remaining acetonitrile-insoluble material. After the separation, the water-soluble and water-insoluble PVA were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses, from which the details of the PVA-graft-PVAc structure were obtained. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of polyesters as binders for deinkable inks. VI. Structural analysis of the copolyesterification between o-phthalic anhydride, oleic acid, and trimethylolpropane in bulk at 160°C by high resolution 13C- and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (13C- and 1H-NMR) (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 3409-3429 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyesters ; bulk copolyesterification ; o-phthalic anhydride ; oleic acid ; trimethylolpropane ; 13C-NMR spectroscopy ; 1H-NMR spectroscopy ; structural analysis ; trimethylolpropane esterification degree ; volumetry ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A detailed structural analysis of the copolyesterification in bulk without any external catalyst at 160°C between o-phthalic anhydride (P), oleic acid (O), and trimethylolpropane (T) with a mol ratio ([—COOH]/[—OH]) = 0.70 has been carried out by high resolution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) (DMSO-d6 and CDCl3 solutions), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) (CDCl3 solution), and by volumetry. The use of CDCl3 as NMR solvent has allow us to identify several signals that have been assigned to trimethylolpropane monoesters with different esterification degrees in the o-phthalate residue. Identically, we have detected signals assignable to monoesters at the chain ends in structures with different chain lengths. These monoesterified structures have been also confirmed by analyzing samples modified by the diazomethane addition. These modified samples have been also used to determine free acid groups as their methoxylic derivatives by 1H-NMR in CDCl3 solution. We have not observed any detectable signs of gelation nor products produced by secondary reactions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3409-3429, 1997
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the Kalman filter for multivariate calibration in a real system and its comparison with CLS and pure component calibration methods (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 7 (1993), S. 267-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Kalman filter ; Multivariate calibration ; Condition number ; Prediction error ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The usefulness of the Kalman filter as an algorithm for calibration in a real system is shown. Results are compared with classical least squares and pure component calibration. The prediction of four priority pollutant chlorophenols in binary, ternary and quaternary mixtures was also carried out by Kalman filtering. The condition number, standard deviation and prediction error have been employed to choose the most suitable wavelength range. Comparison of the standard error of prediction in the validation set shows significant differences between the evaluated chlorophenols, the best results being obtained with Kalman multivariate calibration.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.1180070405
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