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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (87)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (53)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 16 (1993), S. 433-436 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Miniaturization ; Planar chip technology ; Silicon and glass microstructures ; Small volume optical detector cell ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Miniaturization of separation columns implies equally reduced vol- umes of injectors, detectors, and the connecting channels. Planar chip technology provides a powerful means for the fabrication of micron-sized structures such as channels. This is demonstrated by two examples. An optical absorbance detector chip exhibits the expected behavior of a 1 mm optical path length cell despite its volume of 1 nL. A capillary electrophoresis device allows integrated injections of 100 pL samples, efficiencies of 70,000 to 160,000 theoretical plates in 10 to 20 seconds, and external laser-induced fluorescence detection at any capillary length of choice between 5 and 50 mm.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 953-956 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A mixture of four squalestatins was separated anil characterized by gradient packed capillary liquid chromatography combined with electrospray collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (ESI/CID/MS). Negative-ion ESI was found to afford spectra typified by strong pseudo-molecular ions but providing little structural information. Structural information was obtained using an ion-focusing RF-only octapole lens to provide conditions for CID. The new method showed improvements in sensitivity when compared to existing thermospray and dynamic liquid secondary-ion mass spectrometry methods.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 120-125 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A number of different designs of electrospray sources have been used to study the non-covalent interaction between ribonuclease A and cytidylic acids. Signal differences were observed between the various types of source giving rise to very different spectra. However, in all cases, information was obtained relating to the putative complex.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A novel procedure based on electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) has been used in the diagnosis of organic acidemias. The method is based on the determination of acylcarnitine profiles from blood spots collected on Guthrie cards. The acylcarnitines are extracted with methanol, derivatized to their butyl esters and analyzed by ESI-MS/MS. Precursor-ion scanning of the common fragment at m/z 85 of the butyl esters yields highly diagnostic acylcarnitine profiles. Analysis time is one minute per sample and is fully automated. Examples are given of normal profiles, of profiles from two patients with fatty acid oxidation defects, and of a case of propionic acidemia. The technique is simple, rapid and specific, and shows potential for routine application in neonatal screening of organic acidemias.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 886-890 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The unimolecular (metastable ion) and collision-induced fragmentation reactions of the trimethylsilyl cation adducts of six C6 ketones have been studied by tandem mass spectrometry. A major unimolecular fragmentation channel involves regeneration of the trimethylsilyl cation; other fragmentation channels involve elimination of (CH3)3SiOH, C5H10, C4H8 and C3H6 from the adduct ions. Some mechanistic detail has been obtained from a study of the adducts with deuterium-containing ketones, and the reactions observed are compared with the fragmentation reactions of the protonated ketones. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the adduct ion results in predominant formation of (CH3)3Si+. However, in the high energy (6 keV) CID new minor reaction channels, involving elimination of alkanes, CH4 to C4H10, become accessible. It is concluded that tandem mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl adducts provides only limited ability to distinguish between isomeric ketones.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 226-229 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The high-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra of C60+, C70+, C602+, C702+ and C603+ are reported. In all cases, fragmentation occurs by loss of an even number of carbon atoms, in agreement with photodissociation studies of C60+ and C70+. No charge-separation reactions are observed for the multiply charged ions. Collision-induced dissociation of C60+ leads to a slight preference for formation of C50+, while dissociation of C70+ and C702+ shows a more pronounced preferenced for formation of C60+ and C602+, respecstively. Under electron-capture Chemical-ionization conditions the fullerenes readily capture an electron to form the molecular anions. Collision-induced dissociation of C60- and C70- leads to elimination of 1, 2 and 4 carbon atoms; the elimination of one carbon is unique among larger carbon cluster ions. Charges inversion of the molecular anions leads to formation of the respective molecular cations and fragementation of these cations by loss of an even number of carbon atoms. Formation of C50+ is slightly preferred in the C60- case, while C60+ is the most abundant ion in the charge inversion mass spectrum of C70-.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 425-428 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ion/molecule reactions in nitrotoluene/NO and nitroluene/OCS systems were studied in an ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. The formation of an adduct ion between m-nitrotoluene and NO (or OCS to a lesser extent) differentiates it from the o- and p-nitrotoluene isomers can be distinguished by their different decomposition rates into C7H6NO+ and C7H6NO+ fragment ions.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron impact and the hydrogen and methane chemical ionization mass spectra of 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide, the sulfoxide and sulfone derived therefrom, and 2-(2-hydroxyethylthio)-acetoacetanilide enol have been determined. All four compounds show abundant molecular ions in the electron impact spectra and abundant [MH]+ ions in the methane chemical ionization spectra (along with the expected [M + C2H5]+ and [M + C3H5]+ ions), but relatively low [MH]+ ion signals in the hydrogen chemical ionization spectra. From high resolution mass measurements and metastable transitions determined by metastable ion refocusing, electron impact fragmentation mechanisms have been established. For 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide, 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide-4-oxide and 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathiin-3-carboxanilide-4,4-dioxide the major fragmentation mode involves loss of the anilino radical from [M]+, followed by loss of C2H4. Fragmentation to form the aniline molecular ion increases in importance with increasing oxidation state of the sulfur. In the chemical ionization of these three compounds fragmentation of [MH]+ proceeds in a similar fashion by loss of neutral aniline and by formation of protonated aniline. The electron impact mass spectrum of 2-(2-hydroxyethylthio)acetoacetanilide is dominated by the molecular ion and the aniline molecular ion. However, in the chemical ionization mass spectra characteristic fragment ions involving loss of water and loss of aniline from [MH]+, as well as protonated aniline, are observed and serve to characterize the compound.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 9 (1995), S. 1155-1157 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Cu+-cationated species of 12 α-amino acids have been prepared by fast-atom bombardment and the unimolecular (metastable ion) fragmentation reactions have been examined by tandem mass spectrometry. The major unimolecular fragmentation reactions observed involve elimination of H2O, elimination of CO2 and elimination of CH2O2. In addition, for Cu+-cationated asparagine and glutamine, elimination of NH3 is a significant reaction and for Cu+-cationated proline, elimination of H2 is a major fragmentation reaction. It is concluded that there are three pathways to elimination of (H2, C, O2), direct elimination of CH2O2, direct elimination of (H2O+CO) and elimination of (CO2+H2).
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The source of arachidonic acid metabolized to eicosanoids by 5-lipoxygenase was studied in a cultured neoplastic mast cell using a stable isotope tracer and tandem mass spectrometry strategy. Selected reaction monitoring and fast atom bombardment were used to analyze eight major arachidonate molecular species of glycerophosphocholine, nine major molecular species of glycerophosphoethanolamine, three major species of glycerophosphoinositol, and three major glycerophosphoserine molecular species. Incubation of the mast cells with (2H8)arachidonic acid led to a time-dependent isotopic incorporation in each of these molecular species. Following stimulation with calcium ionophore A23187, the isotope incorporation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) was found to be higher than that of the major arachidonate-containing glycerophospholipid molecular species. The isotope incorporation of LTB4 was similar to that found for free arachidonic acid present in the unstimulated cell. In order to prevent direct labeling of the intracellular, free arachidonic acid pool, (2H4)linoleic acid was added to the culture medium as a biochemical precursor of labeled arachidonic acid. There was a time-dependent increase of the specific incorporation of labeled arachidonic acid into each of the phospholipid molecular species of each lipid class after incubation with (2H4)linoleic acid. Importantly, (2H4)linoleic acid incubation also resulted in deuterium-labeled arachidonic acid in the free arachidonic acid, intracellular pool. The arachidonic acid isotopic incorporation in this pool very closely correlated with the isotopic incorporation of LTB4 (correlation coefficient 0.97) synthesized after A23187 stimulation, while the isotopic incorporation of the extracellularly released, not esterified arachidonic acid, after stimulation, did not. These studies show that fast atom bombardment and tandem mass spectrometry can be used to follow incorporation of stable isotope-labeled arachidonic acid into complex mixtures of glycerophospholipids. This approach is relatively sensitive in being able to assess incorporation of 10% or less of the minor lipid pool.
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