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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (26)
  • Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology  (7)
  • Ecology  (5)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: The identification of larval istiophorid billfishes from the western North Atlantic Ocean has long been problematic. In the present study, a molecular technique was used to positively identify 27 larval white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus), 96 larval blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), and 591larval sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) from the Straits of Florida and the Bahamas. Nine morphometric measurements were taken for a subset of larvae (species known), and lowerjaw pigment patterns were recorded on a grid. Canonical variates analysis (CVA) was used to reveal the extentto which the combination of morphometric, pigment pattern, and month of capture information was diagnostic to species level. Linear regression revealed species-specific relationships between the ratio of snout length to eye orbit diameter and standard length (SL). Confidence limits about these relationships served as defining characters for sailfish 〉10 mm SL and for blue and white marlin 〉17 mm SL.Pigment pattern analysis indicated that 40% of the preflexion blue marlin examined possessed a characteristiclower jaw pigment pattern and that 62% of sailfish larvae were identifiable by lower jaw pigments alone. An identification key was constructed based on pigment patterns, month of capture, and relationships between SL and the ratio of snout length to eye orbit diameter. The key yielded identifications for 69.4% of 304 (blindsample) larvae used to test it; only one of these identifications was incorrect. Of the 93 larvae that could not be identified by the key, 71 (76.3%) were correctly identified with CVA. Although identif ication of certainlarval specimens may always require molecular techniques, it is encouraging that the majority (92.4%) of istiophorid larvae examined were ultimately identifiable from externalcharacteristics alone.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 588-600
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: With a focus on white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus), a concurrent electronic tagging and larval sampling effort was conducted in the vicinity of Mona Passage (off southeast Hispaniola), Dominican Republic, during April and May 2003. Objectives were 1) to characterize the horizontal and vertical movement of adults captured from the area by using pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs); and 2) bymeans of larval sampling, to investigate whether fish were reproducing. Trolling from a sportfishing vessel yielded eight adult white marlin and one blue marlin (Makaira nigricans); PSAT tags were deployed on all but one of these individuals. The exception was a female white marlin thatwas unsuitable for tagging because of injury; the reproductive state of its ovaries was examined histologically. Seven of the PSATs reported data summaries for water depth, temperature, and light levels measured every minute for periods ranging from 28 to 40 days. Displacement of marlin from the location of release to the point of tag pop-up ranged from 3l.6 to 267.7 nautical miles (nmi) and a mean displacement was 3.4 nmi per day forwhite marlin. White and blue marlin mean daily displacements appeared constrained compared to the resultsof other marlin PSAT tagging studies. White marlin ovarian sections contained postovulatory follicles and final maturation-stage oocytes, which indicated recent and imminent spawning. Neuston tows (n=23) yielded 18istiophorid larvae: eight were white marlin, four were blue marlin, and six could not be identified to species. We speculate that the constrained movement patterns of adults may be linked to reproductive activity for both marlin species, and, if true, these movement patterns may haveseveral implications for management. Protection of the potentially important white marlin spawning ground near Mona Passage seems warranted, at least until further studies can be conducted on the temporal and spatialextent of reproduction and associated adult movement.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 659-669
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  • 3
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    In:  rcowen@rsmas.miami.edu | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14490 | 403 | 2014-02-13 04:26:39 | 14490 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: Plankton and larval fish sampling programs often are limited by a balance between sampling frequency (for precision) and costs. Advancements in sampling techniques hold the potential to add considerable efficiency and, therefore, add sampling frequency to improve precision. We compare a newly developed plankton imaging system, In Situ Ichthyoplankton Imaging System (ISIIS), with a bongo sampler, which is a traditional plankton sampling gear developed in the 1960s. Comparative sampling was conducted along 2 transects ~30–40 km long. Over 2 days, we completed 36 ISIIS tow-yo undulations and 11 bongo oblique tows, each from the surface to within 10 m of the seafloor. Overall, the 2 gears detected comparable numbers of larval fishes, representing similar taxonomic compositions, although larvae captured with the bongo were capable of being identified to lower taxonomic levels, especially larvae in the small (〈5 mm), preflexion stages. Size distributions of the sampled larval fishes differed considerably between these 2 sampling methods, with the size range and mean size of larval fishes larger with ISIIS than with the bongo sampler. The high frequency and fine spatial scale of ISIIS allow it to add considerable sampling precision (i.e., more vertical sections) to plankton surveys. Improvements in the ISIIS technology (including greater depth of field and image resolution) should also increase taxonomic resolution and decrease processing time. When coupled with appropriate net sampling (for the purpose of collecting and verifying the identification of biological samples), the use of ISIIS could improve overall survey design and simultaneously provide detailed, process-oriented information for fisheries scientists and oceanographers.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 1-12
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Little is known about the seasonality and distribution of grouper larvae (Serranidae: Epinephelini) in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean off the coast of the southeastUnited States. Grouper larvae were collected from a transect across the Straits of Florida in 2003 and 2004 and during the Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Programspring and fall surveys from 1982 through 2005. Analysis of these larval data provided information on location and timing of spawning, larval distribution patterns, and interannual occurrence for a group of species not easily studied as adults. Our analyses indicated that shelf-edge habitat is important for spawning of many species of grouper—some species for which data were not previouslyavailable. Spawning for some species may occur year-round, but two peak seasons are evident: late winter and late summer through early fall. Interannual variability in the use of three important subregions by species or groups of species was partially explained by environmental factors(surface temperature, surface salinity, and water depth). A shift in species dominance over the last three decades from spring-spawned species (most of the commercial species) tofall-spawned species also was documented. The results of these analyses expand our understanding of the basicdistribution and spawning patterns of northwest Atlantic grouper species and indicate a need for further examination of the changing population structure of individual speciesand species dominance in the region.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 1-20
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 7 (1982), S. 121-136 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Seasonality ; Predator-prey ; Predator interference ; Turnoverrate ; Diversity ; Ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Development of the fish community on a submerged 16 m barge and variation in fish abundance on nearby transects were surveyed twice monthly for twenty months. A steady increase in abundance was observed for certain fishes on the barge, whereas a few species exhibited distinct seasonal variation on both the barge and transects. Most of the seasonal species settled between March and May. Some seasonal species appeared to be site selective in their settlement and consequently settled juveniles were clumped in their distribution. An abundance of preferred topographical features may be why settlement was relatively high at the study site and indirectly why predators became significantly (r3 = 7.67***, N = 37) more abundant at the study area during the months of maximum prey settlement. Concurrent settlement of several species during the same few months may be important because juveniles become an abundant food source to predators during those few months only. Periodic swamping of predators by abundant juvenile prey may improve the chances for individuals of rarer prey species to be overlooked and therefore be succesfully recruited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several structurally similar, biologically active macrocyclic trichothecenes were ionized under thermospray conditions followed by collisionally activated dissociation of the ammonium adducts. Most of the observed daughter ions were formed by bond cleavage at the exocyclic ester bridges. Compounds with similar ester bridges formed several common daughter ions and underwent similar neutral losses. Fragmentation pathways proposed for the dissociation of the adducts were confirmed from the corresponding neutral loss spectra. Simple experiments designed for the sequential monitoring of the characteristic daughter ions were used for the rapid, direct and accurate analysis of macrocyclic trichothecenes in real samples. The primary drawback of the method is its inability to distinguish between isomers.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thirty seven of the thirty eight isomers of tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) have been synthesized by unambiguous routes, and purified. The 1,2,8,9-TCDF isomer could not be thus prepared, and attempts to make it by pyrolysis of appropriate precursors also failed. Retention characteristics of TCDFs under gas chromatographic conditions were determined, and found to agree well with those predicted by an existing mathematical model derived from data obtained for TCDF isomers prepared by more ambiguous procedures. Mass spectral characteristics were also obtained, particularly relative response factors for the molecular ions of the TCDF isomers under electron ionization (EI) conditions. A discussion of the likely transferability of these relative response factors between mass spectrometers of different types is included. Chemical ionization (CI) mass spectra were also obtained, for both positive and negative ions. These CI spectra yielded little structural information not available from the EI data, and problems of lack of sensitivity and of reproducibility render them less suitable for trace analysis of TCDFs. Some unusual ion chemistry was observed under CI conditions, which can be rationalized in terms of pre-ionization attack on the TCDF molecule by free radicals in the source.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 195-196 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Configurational isomers ; Separation and structure confirmation by synthesis and spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for the qualitative and quantitative determination of configurational isomers of astaxanthin. It is based on the esterification of astaxanthin with ( - )-camphanic acid chloride and analysis of the corresponding diesters by HPLC.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 14 (1991), S. 573-574 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 361-363 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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