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  • Chemistry  (98)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (23)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (21)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of the gills of larval and parasitic adult sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L. (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 149 (1976), S. 73-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The general morphology of the gills is similar in larval (ammocoetes) and parasitic adult sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, despite different methods of ventilation necessitated by their feeding habits.The gill lamellae are supported by randomly-distributed pillar cells which enclose blood spaces and collagen columns. The distribution of these cells in lampreys is different from that of higher fishes and it may be inefficient for respiratory exchange. The presence of cytoplasmic microfilaments suggests that these cells have the ability to reduce the lamellar blood spaces through contraction. Marginal channels at the tips of the lamellae are lined only by endothelial cells.The thickness of the water-blood pathway in lampreys falls within the range described for higher fishes, with the most efficient gas exchange likely occurring at the lamellar tips where only a single layer of epithelial cells is present. The abrupt increase in height of the epithelium near the lamellar bases in adults, compared to the gradual transition in height along the lamellae in ammocoetes, is perhaps reflective of higher oxygen requirements during the parasitic stage. The consistent appearance of wide, lateral intercellular spaces within the respiratory epithelium of lampreys indicates possible involvement of these spaces in transport.Mucous secretion appears to be an important function of the superficial platelet cells in ammocoetes. “Mitochondria-rich” and “mitochondria-poor” superficial cells are observed in both ammocoetes and adults, with the mitochondria-rich cells more prevalent toward the lamellar bases. The possibility that at least some of these cells may be involved in absorption is discussed. Mitochondria-rich cells in the interlamellar region are morphologically different in ammocoetes and adults but all possess an abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and hence resemble “chloride cells” of higher fishes. The similarity of these cells in the parasitic adult lamprey to chloride cells of marine fishes may reflect the potential of the adult lamprey to osmoregulate in salt water. A scarcity of these cells in ammocoetes and their resemblance to chloride cells in freshwater fishes may reflect the restriction of larval lampreys to a freshwater habitat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051490105
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic imide polymers for high-temperature adhesives (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12 (1968), S. 805-829 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: During the past decade the aerospace industry has sought materials for bonding stainless-steel and titanium alloys that have a high degree of thermal and oxidative stability. The Air Force Materials Laboratory has anticipated these requirements and sponsored many development programs aimed at achieving these goals. This paper describes the results of one such program devoted to development of high-temperature adhesives from aromatic imide polymers. The family of polymeric materials known as aromatic polyimides possess excellent thermal and oxidative resistance at temperatures up to 650°F. Mechanical and electrical properties of glass-fiber-reinforced laminates prepared with these polymers have been reported. This work has been extended to the development of structural adhesives that will withstand long-time exposure in air at 600°F. Stainless steel and titanium have been successfully bonded with adhesives made from aromatic imide and benzimidazole imide polymers. Bonds made with stainless steel have retained approximately 80% of their original strength at 600°F. after 1000 hr. of aging at 600°F. Adhesives made with benzimidazole imide polymers are the prepared materials for bonding titanium. Initial bond strengths of 1300 psi have been measured at 600°F. After 1000 hr. at 600°F. the bond strengths drop to 800 psi. The processing conditions for making a bond are quite moderate, except that a high temperature is required. The preparation and processing conditions associated with these adhesives are described. A large number of aromatic imide and amide-imide polymers have been prepared and adhesives formulated. By comparing the bond strengths obtained with these adhesives it is possible to deduce the effect of molecular weight and various molecular components on bond strength.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1968.070120417
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial distribution of posttranslationally modified tubulins in polarized cells of developing Artemia (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 18 (1991), S. 189-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubules ; isotubulins ; actin ; brine shrimp ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In many differentiated cells, posttranslationally modified tubulins exhibit restricted subcellular distribution, leading to the proposal that they are required for the production and maintenance of polarity. To study this possibility, we used immunological approaches to examine tubulin isoforms in developing Artemia larvae and to determine their location in several types of cells within the organism. The amount of tubulin in relation to total protein remained relatively constant during early larval development while detyrosinated tubulin increased, an event correlated with the differentiation of larval gut muscle cells. Except for epidermal cells of the developing thorax, each type of cell within the Artemia larvae exhibited characteristic staining patterns which were very similar for each antitubulin antibody. Within epidermal cells, microtubules containing acetylated tubulin appeared patchy or punctate in their distribution, an image not seen with the other antibodies. In most polarized cells, staining for tubulin and actin colocalized in discrete areas, demonstrating enrichment of both proteins within the same cellular compartment and suggesting functional interactions. Mitotic figures were stained with qualitatively equal intensity by all of the antitubulin antibodies, but asters were not observed. Midbodies were intensely stained with phalloidin as well as the antibodies to tubulin. It was clear that microtubules exhibited a preferential localization in cells of Artemia but in no case was a tubulin isoform found exclusively in one area of a cell. The results support the contention that microtubules influence the organization of polarized cell structure and function but they do not permit the conclusion that this capability is dependent on the localization of posttranslationally modified tubulins to restricted subcellular positions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970180305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the photodegradation products of basic yellow 2 by thermospray high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1989)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 1079-1086 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Like most dyes, Basic Yellow 2 (BY-2) fades upon prolonged exposure to light. Light-induced fading is a complex process that is also affected by heat and humidity. In order to better understand the photodegradation process and to identify the various photodegradation products of BY-2, fabric samples and solutions containing BY-2 were exposed to a variety of fading conditions. The analysis of faded BY-2 dyed fabric extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) indicated the reduction and hydrolysis of the C=NH2+ group to form primarily benzophenone derivatives, as well as various demethylated products. Due to the absence of fragmentation in the thermospray spectra (only [M + H]+ ions were observed) the dye extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to confirm the identity of the degradation products. Many of the degradation products were sufficiently volatile for analysis by GC/MS. Mass spectra of the photodegradation products of BY-2 exhibited molecular ions and structurally important fragment ions to complement the thermospray data. The mass spectral data indicated that the most prevalent degradation product formed was ((CH3)2NC6H4)2C=0 (Michler's ketone). Hydrolysis of the C=NH2+ group to C=0 is the main color-destroying reaction in the fading of BY-2. Demethylation products which can alter the shades of color were also detected in the faded BY-2 samples.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200181208
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylene polymerization over organochromium catalysts: A comparison between closed and open pentadienyl ligands (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2063-2075 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Divalent organochromium compounds, Cr(Lig)2, often become active catalysts for the polymerization of ethylene when deposited onto an oxide carrier such as silica or aluminophosphate. Hydroxyl groups are thought to react, releasing one ligand and binding the chromium to the surface. The behavior of the catalyst is then governed by the remaining ligand and the type of carrier. In this study two types of ligands were investigated: cyclopentadienyl and its open ring analog dimethylpentadienyl. This small difference in the type of ligand produces a fundamental difference in the polymerization mechanism. For comparison the mixed ligand chromocene, with one open and one closed ligand, was also synthesized and tested for polymerization.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080250804
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting cell attachment, spreading, and growth on derivatized microcarriers. I. Establishment of working system and effect of the type of the amino-charged groups (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 469-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A working system for studying the effects of factors involved in the chemical nature of microcarriers on cell attachment, spreading, and growth was established. The system is based on polyacrylamide beads, prepared by the emulsion polymerization technique. Sieved beads of desirable mean diameter were derivatized to generate controlled amounts of primary and tertiary amino groups. These microcarriers were used for the propagation of four different cell strains: BHK, MDCK, CEF, and MRC-5. It was found that BHK cells attach and spread significantly faster on primary amino-derivatized beads than those with tertiary amino groups, and at a lower degree of charging. Cell yields of MDCK cells (with pronounced epithelial morphology) propagated on primary amino-derivatized beads were higher than that obtained for the tertiary amino-derivatized microcarriers. On the other hand, CEF and MRC-5 cells (with pronounced fibroblast morphology) achieved higher cell yields on the tertiary amino-derivatized microcarriers.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250213
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous cell immobilization in crosslinked polyacrylamide-hydrazide beads (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 675-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300513
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ glucose monitoring in fermentation broth by “sandwiched” glucose-oxidase electrode (SGE) (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260350115
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemically modified polyesters as supports for enzyme immobilization: Isocyanide, acylhydrazide, and aminoaryl derivatives of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 309-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260200216
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multilayer immobilized-enzyme filter reactors: Urease bound to nylon fabric filters (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 1607-1627 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Urease was bound to commercially available nonwoven nylon fabric filters. Multilyer immoibilized-enzyme filter reactors were constructed by packing varying numbers of urease-nylon filters in a column. Owing to the relatively open structure and high mechanical strength of the filter fabric, compaction and pressure drop effects were minimal. The reactors could be operated in a wide range of substrate concentrations and flow rates under conditions where mass-transfer limitations could be neglected. The kinetic behavior of the immobilized-enzyme filter reactors could be described by a linear form of the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation using a model based on the sequential action of the enzyme filters.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260210908
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