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  • SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER  (10)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (7)
  • Astrophysics  (7)
  • 11
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    Evolutionary use of nuclear electric propulsion (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Evolving new propulsion technologies through a rational and conscious effort to minimize development costs and program risks while maximizing the performance benefits is intuitively practical. A phased approach to the evolution of nuclear electric propulsion from use on planetary probes, to lunar cargo vehicles, and finally to manned Mars missions with a concomitant growth in technology is considered. Technology levels and system component makeup are discussed for nuclear power systems and both ion and magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters. Mission scenarios are described, which include analysis of a probe to Pluto, a lunar cargo mission, Martian split, all-up, and quick-trip mission options. Evolutionary progression of the use of NEP in such missions is discussed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 90-3821
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 12
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    Nuclear electric propulsion mission performance for fast piloted Mars missions (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A mission study aimed at minimizing the time humans would spend in the space environment is presented. The use of nuclear electric propulsion (NEP), when combined with a suitable mission profile, can reduce the trip time to durations competitive with other propulsion systems. Specifically, a split mission profile utilizing an earth crew capture vehicle accounts for a significant portion of the trip time reduction compared to previous studies. NEP is shown to be capable of performing fast piloted missions to Mars at low power levels using near-term technology and is considered to be a viable candidate for these missions.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 91-3488
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 13
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    Derated ion thruster development status (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A 30 cm diameter xenon ion thruster is under development at NASA to provide an ion propulsion option for auxiliary and primary propulsion on missions of national interest. Specific efforts include thruster design optimizations, component life testing and validation, vibration testing, and performance characterizations. Under this program, the ion thruster will be brought to engineering model development status. The activities and preliminary test results to develop a 30 cm engineering model thruster are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-TM-106292 , E-8029 , NAS 1.15:106292 , AIAA PAPER 93-2225 , Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit; Jun 28, 1993 - Jun 30, 1993; Monterey, CA; United States
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  • 14
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    Design of the Space Station Freedom power system (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The design of Space Station Freedom's electric power system (EPS) is reviewed, highlighting the key design goals of performance, low cost, reliability and safety. Tradeoff study results that illustrate the competing factors responsible for many of the more important design decisions are discussed. When Freedom's EPS is compared with previous space power designs, two major differences stand out. The first is the size of the EPS, which is larger than any prior system. The second major difference between the EPS and other space power designs is the indefinite expected life of Freedom; 30 years has been used for life-cycle-cost calculations.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: IECEC-89; Aug 06, 1989 - Aug 11, 1989; Washington, DC; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 15
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    Krypton Ion Thruster Performance (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Preliminary data were obtained from a 30 cm ion thruster operating on krypton propellant over the input power range of 0.4 to 5.5 kW. The data presented are compared and contrasted to the data obtained with xenon propellant over the same input power envelope. Typical krypton thruster efficiency was 70 percent at a specific impulse of approximately 5000 s, with a maximum demonstrated thrust to power ratio of approximately 42 mN/kW at 2090 s specific impulse and 1580 watts input power. Critical thruster performance and component lifetime issues were evaluated. Order of magnitude power throttling was demonstrated using a simplified power-throttling strategy.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-TM-105818 , E-7249 , JPC-92-3144 , NAS 1.15:105818 , Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit; Jul 06, 1992 - Jul 08, 1992; Nashville, TN; United States
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  • 16
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    ALS liquid hydrogen turbopump: Advanced Development Program (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The point of departure (POD) turbopump concept was reviewed and finalized. The basis for the POD was the configuration presented in the Aerojet proposal. After reviewing this proposal concept, several modifications were made. These modifications include the following: (1) the dual pump discharge arrangement was changed to a single discharge; (2) commonality of the turbine inlet manifold with the advanced launch system (ALS) liquid oxygen (LOX) TPA was dropped for this program; (3) the turbine housing flange arrangement was improved by relocating it away from the first stage nozzles; (4) a ten percent margin (five percent diameter increase) was built into the impeller design to ensure meeting the required discharge pressure without the need for increasing speed; (5) a ten percent turbine power margin was imposed which is to be obtained by increasing turbine inlet pressure if required; and (6) the backup concept, as an alternative to the use of cast impellers, now incorporates forged/machined shrouded impellers, rather than the unshrouded type originally planned.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-183730 , NAS 1.26:183730 , KGC4-M-2
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 17
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    Organics Captured from Comet Wild 2 by the Stardust Spacecraft (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Organics found in Comet Wild 2 samples show a heterogeneous and unequilibrated distribution in abundance and composition. Some are similar, but not identical, to those in interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and carbonaceous meteorites. A new class of aromatic-poor organic material is also present. The organics are rich in O and N compared to meteoritic organics. Aromatic compounds are present, but the samples tend to be relatively poorer in aromatics than meteorites and IDPs. D and 15N suggest that some organics have an interstellar/protostellar heritage. While the variable extent of modification of these materials by impact capture is not yet fully constrained, a remarkably diverse suite of organic compounds is present and identifiable within the returned samples.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
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  • 18
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    TOF-SIMS Analysis of Crater Residues from Wild 2 Cometary on Stardust Aluminum Foil (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Impact residues of cometary particles on aluminum foils from the Stardust mission were investigated with TOF-SIMS for their elemental and organic composition. The residual matter from comet 81P/Wild 2 shows a wide compositional range, from nearly monomineralic grains to polymict aggregates. Despite the comparably small analyzed sample volume, the average element composition of the investigated residues is similar to bulk CI chondritic values. Analysis of organic components in impact residues is complicated, due to fragmentation and alteration of the compounds during the impact process and by the presence of contaminants on the aluminum foils. Nevertheless, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are unambiguously associated with the impact residues were observed, and thus are most likely of cometary origin.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
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  • 19
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    Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination V: XRF Analyses of Interstellar Dust Candidates at ESRF ID13 (2014)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Here, we report analyses by synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy of the elemental composition of eight candidate impact features extracted from the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector (SIDC). Six of the features were unambiguous tracks, and two were crater-like features. Five of the tracks are so-called midnight tracks that is, they had trajectories consistent with an origin either in the interstellar dust stream or as secondaries from impacts on the Sample Return Capsule (SRC). In a companion paper reporting synchrotron X-ray diffraction analyses of ISPE candidates, we show that two of these particles contain natural crystalline materials: the terminal particle of track 30contains olivine and spinel, and the terminal particle of track 34 contains olivine. Here, we show that the terminal particle of track 30, Orion, shows elemental abundances, normalized to Fe, that are close to CI values, and a complex, fine-grained structure. The terminal particle of track 34, Hylabrook, shows abundances that deviate strongly from CI, but shows little fine structure and is nearly homogenous. The terminal particles of other midnight tracks, 29 and 37, had heavy element abundances below detection threshold. A third, track28, showed a composition inconsistent with an extraterrestrial origin, but also inconsistent with known spacecraft materials. A sixth track, with a trajectory consistent with secondary ejecta from an impact on one of the spacecraft solar panels, contains abundant Ce and Zn. This is consistent with the known composition of the glass covering the solar panel. Neither crater-like feature is likely to be associated with extraterrestrial materials. We also analyzed blank aerogel samples to characterize background and variability between aerogel tiles. We found significant differences in contamination levels and compositions, emphasizing the need for local background subtraction for accurate quantification.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN18990 , Meteoritics and Planetary Science; 49; 9; 1594-1611
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  • 20
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    Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination VII: Synchrotron X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Six Stardust Interstellar Candidates Measured with the Advanced Photon Source 2-ID-D Microprobe (2014)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The NASA Stardust spacecraft exposed an aerogel collector to the interstellar dust passing through the solar system. We performed X-ray fluorescence element mapping and abundance measurements, for elements 19 〈 or = Z 〈 or = 30, on six "interstellar candidates," potential interstellar impacts identified by Stardust@Home and extracted for analyses in picokeystones. One, I1044,3,33, showed no element hot-spots within the designated search area. However, we identified a nearby surface feature, consistent with the impact of a weak, high-speed particle having an approximately chondritic (CI) element abundance pattern, except for factor-of-ten enrichments in K and Zn and an S depletion. This hot-spot, containing approximately 10 fg of Fe, corresponds to an approximately 350 nm chondritic particle, small enough to be missed by Stardust@Home, indicating that other techniques may be necessary to identify all interstellar candidates. Only one interstellar candidate, I1004,1,2, showed a track. The terminal particle has large enrichments in S, Ti, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn relative to Fe-normalized CI values. It has high Al/Fe, but does not match the Ni/Fe range measured for samples of Al-deck material from the Stardust sample return capsule, which was within the field-of-view of the interstellar collector. A third interstellar candidate, I1075,1,25, showed an Al-rich surface feature that has a composition generally consistent with the Al-deck material, suggesting that it is a secondary particle. The other three interstellar candidates, I1001,1,16, I1001,2,17, and I1044,2,32, showed no impact features or tracks, but allowed assessment of submicron contamination in this aerogel, including Fe hot-spots having CI-like Ni/Fe ratios, complicating the search for CI-like interstellar/interplanetary dust.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN18998 , Meteoritics and Planetary Science; 49; 9; 1626-1644
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