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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oviposition preferences of a hymenopterous parasite for certain instars of its aphid host (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 35 (1984), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Oviposition preferences ; random egg distribution ; aphid instars and morphs ; Aphidius sonchi ; Ichneumonidea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Quand les sept stades et types du puceron Hyperomyzus lactucea L. sont présentés ensemble à la ponte de son hyménoptère parasite, Aphidius sonchi Marshall, le nombre d'oeufs pondus est particulièrement élevé dans les larves de l'hôte au 3ème stade. Les pucerons adultes et les larves alatiformes avaient reçu le plus faible nombre d'oeufs. Quand les différents types et les sept stades sont exposés séparément, comparativement moins d'oeufs sont pondus à la fois sur les larves des 3ème et 4ème stades aptériformes. Ces résultats suggèrent que, quand on lui donne le choix, le parasite préfère les plus grosses laryes aptériformes. La distribution des oeufs parmi les individus du même stade était généralement au hasard.
    Notes: Abstract When the seven available instars and morphs of the aphid, Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.), were exposed together to oviposition by its hymenopterous parasite, Aphidius sonchi Marshall, the numbers of eggs laid were highest in the nymphal instars, particularly in third instar hosts. Adult aphids and alatiform nymphs had the least numbers of eggs laid in them. When the seven instars and morphs were exposed separately, comparatively fewer eggs were laid in both third and fourth (apteriform) instar hosts. These results suggested that, when given a choice, the parasite prefers larger apteriform nymphs. The distribution of eggs among individuals of the same instar during the 3-h test exposure was generally found to be random.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369140
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of superparasitization in the aphid parasite, Aphidius sonchi (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 40 (1986), S. 141-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphid/parasite interactions ; oviposition ; random egg distribution ; superparasitization ; Aphidius sonchi ; Aphidiidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pendant trois jours consécutifs, on a étudié la fréquence de distribution des oeufs d'Aphidius sonchi Marshall, par femelle et par jour, en présence de 25, 50, 100 et 200 pucerons par rameau florifère. Les effectifs d'oeufs dans les pucerons ne révèlent ni une sur-dispersion, ni une sous-dispersion, sauf aux deux plus faibles concentrations d'hôtes, où les parasites ont pondu le premier jour un plus grand nombre d'oeufs dans une faible proportion d'hôtes. Ces résultats suggèrent que les femelles d'A. sonchi, dans ces conditions, n'évitent pas de pondre dans des hôtes déjà parasités.
    Notes: Abstract The frequency distributions of eggs of the aphid parasite, Aphidius sonchi Marshall, offered 25, 50, 100 or 200 aphids per flowering shoot per female per day were determined for three consecutive days. The numbers of eggs within aphids were neither consistently overdispersed nor underdispersed, except at the two lower levels of host availability on the first day when the parasites laid large numbers of eggs into a small proportion of the hosts. These results suggest that female A. sonchi do not avoid ovipositing in already parasitized hosts under these conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349209
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling human power and endurance (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 28 (1990), S. 49-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Anaerobic threshold ; Energy metabolism ; Exercise performance ; Exhaustion ; Fatigue ; $$\dot V_{O_2 \max } $$
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A generalised three component hydraulic model has been proposed to represent the human bioenergetic processes relating internal energy stores to performance during exercise, and into recovery. Further development of the model allows testable predictions to be made. In particular in this paper I examine certain hypotheses of chemical fuel shortage as a subgroup of the potential causes of fatigue, and their implications for maximal power and for endurance. The assumption that the limitation to sustainable power is direct proportionality to the glycogen store remaining, appears the most feasible. Based on this assumption, equations for the decline in maximum attainable power over time, the endurance at fixed workrates and the endurance at incremental tests (as a function of the increment slope) are obtained. Using published data for fit males, the maximum exertable power declines after about 6 s at 972 W to very low levels after about 2 min. For constant powers selected between 208 and 927 W, endurance declines from ad infinitum to only 6 s. Endurance at $$\dot V_{O_2 \max } $$ is predicted to be about 9 min. For incremental exercise tests of slope ranging from 30 W/min to 60 W/min, endurance lessens from 14 to 9 min. In these tests the anaerobic threshold is reached in times between 6 and 3 min. Although the power at termination of a test increases with incremental slope, terminal oxygen consumption is effectively constant. Almost all these model predictions are observed to correspond well with published experimental findings. These results suggest that the model can be used to represent an adequate overview of the operation of the human bioenergetic system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171518
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A three component model of human bioenergetics (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 24 (1986), S. 451-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Keywords: Anaerobic threshold ; Energy metabolism ; Exercise ; Lactate production ; Oxygen uptake ; Recovery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The model described in this article is a generalised three component hydraulic model, proposed to represent net whole body bioenergetic processes during human exercise and recovery. During exercise, fluid flows from the three interconnected vessels in the system represent the breakdown of high energy phosphates (phosphagens), oxygen consumption and lactic acid production. During recovery, replenishment of the fluids represents the repayment of oxygen debt. The model is quantified and solved mathematically, and the solution compared with observed experimental data. Since currently known physiological facts are consistent with four configurations of this model, further experimentation is necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01236892
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