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  • Saccharomonospora viridis  (2)
  • movement  (2)
  • soil  (2)
  • Amphotericin B  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 58 (1991), S. 149-157 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Rice leaffolder ; Cnaphalocrocis medinalis ; orientation ; movement ; phototaxis ; plant factors ; rice volatiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Au laboratoire et en plein champ, avec la lumière venant d'en haut, les larves du premier stade de la pyrale du riz C. medinalis s'orientent vers le bars lorsqu'elles se trouvent sur une feuille de riz tenue verticale, et elles s'orientent vers le haut lorsqu'elles sont sur du papier filtre. La direction d'orientation sur les deux substrat s'inverse lorsque la lumière provient du bas. Ces différences d'orientation par rapport à la source de lumière, sur la feuille de riz et sur le papier filtre, se maintiennent même lorsque le substrat est horizontal. Lorsque l'expérience est effectuée dans l'obscurité, l'intensité de la réaction d'orientation vers le haut sur du papier filtre tenu verticalement se réduit, et l'orientation vers le bas sur la feuille de riz disparaît. Sur des substrats horizontaux (feuille de riz et papier filtre), les larves ne s'orientent pas dans l'obscurité. On n'observe pas de différence dans le comportement d'orientation entre des larves issues d'œufs pondus sur des plants de riz ou sur des substrats non végétaux, ou entre des larves exposées aux substances volatiles du riz ou à de l'air pur. Le comportement d'orientation des larves du premier stade sur des variétés de riz susceptibles ou résistantes est similaire, mais sur des graminées non-hôtes on n'observe pas d'orientation significative vers le haut ou vers le bas. En traitant les feuilles de riz avec de l'hexane pour enlever les cires de surface, on réduit l'intensité de la réaction d'orientation; cependant, l'application de cires de surface sur du papier filtre ne modifie pas significativement le comportement des larves. Sur une feuille de riz séchée, l'orientation est similaire à celle observée sur papier filtre, mais est d'une intensité plus faible. Les substances volatiles du riz extraites par distillation à la vapeur et appliquées sur une feuille de riz séchée causent une perte d'orientation à 500 pm, tandis que leur application sur du papier filtre cause une décroissance dose-dépendante de l'intensité de l'orientation vers le haut. Ces résultats indiquent que les larves du premier stade de C. medinalis sont positivement phototactiques et que des substance volatiles et d'autres substances jusqu'ici non identifiées et présentes dans les plants de riz causent une inversion ans la phototaxie, ce qui résulte en une orientation vers le bas sur les feuilles de riz.
    Notes: Abstract First-instar larvae of the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenńe) oriented upwards on a vertically inclined filter paper and downwards on a rice leaf when the light source was from above. The direction of orientation was reversed when the light source was from below. The opposite directions of orientation on these substrates persisted when the substrates were held horizontal with light source from the sides. No difference was observed in the magnitude of reaction on susceptible and resistant rice varieties or when the rice leaf was held with its distal end pointing down. On non-host grasses, however, the directional orientation was lost. Dipping rice leaves in hexane decreased the magnitude of reaction. On dried rice leaf, the reaction was similar to that on filter paper but was of a lower magnitude. Application of rice plant volatile extracts on a filter paper decreased the intensity of upward orientation while 500 ppm of the volatile extracts applied on dried leaf caused a loss of oriented movement. Application of a mixture of seven volatile chemicals, identified from rice, decreased the magnitude of reaction significantly. It is concluded that rice plant volatiles along with some other hitherto unidentified rice plant factor cause a reversal of phototaxis, leading to downward orientation on the rice leaf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 60 (1991), S. 43-49 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Rice leaffolder ; neonate larval ; feeding site ; movement ; whorl leaf ; mature leaf ; resistance ; varieties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract More first-instar larvae of the rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), were recovered from susceptible IR36 and Roxoro rice varieties than resistant TKM6 and Oryza perennis, 24 h after infestation. Within a rice plant, a higher proportion of larvae was recovered from young whorl leaf, followed by mature leaves and leafsheaths on all the four rice varieties tested. However, differences were observed between susceptible and resistant varieties in the distribution of larvae on these three plant parts. In laboratory choice tests, first-instar larvae preferred to settle on the young leaves of IR36 and TKM6 when presented with their respective mature leaves. No such preference was observed in tests with Rexoro and O. perennis. Larval survival was similar on young and mature leaves of Rexoro. Young leaves of IR36 and TKM6 were more suitable for survival in comparison with their respective mature leaves while the reverse was true for O. perennis. Larval movement was slower on the mature leaves and larvae took longer to reach the whorl leaf of TKM6 than on IR36. The density of trichomes of the abaxial surface of TKM6 was higher than that of the other varieties tested. Adaptive significance of feeding in the leafwhorl to young larvae is discussed.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Amphotericin B ; Epididymal histoplasmosis ; Histoplasma capsulatum ; Semen culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An autochthonous case of epididymal histoplasmosis masquerading as tuberculosis in a 55-year-old male patient is reported from India. It was diagnosed by culture ofHistoplasma capsulatum from semen and by demonstration of the fungus upon re-examination of epididymal biopsy sections previously misinterpreted as tuberculous granuloma. The patient's main complaints were painful epididymal swelling, occasional fever and cough. He was treated successfully by excision of epididymis and vas deferens combined with amphotericin B therapy. This is believed to be the first case of epididymal histoplasmosis to be reported outside the American continent and the fourth of its type reported in the English literature. The case is also noteworthy in thatH. capsulatum was isolated for the first time from semen, and it underlines the importance of mycological culture of semen specimens for diagnosis of genitourinary infections of obscure etiology.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: thermophilic actmonycetes in India ; Faenia rectivirgula ; Thermoactinomyces spp. ; Saccharomonospora viridis ; hay ; compost ; bagasse ; soil ; straw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Medically important thermophilic actinomycetes were isolated from 218 (64%) of 341 samples of vegetable substrates and soil examined from sites in north-western India. Thermoactinomyces vulgaris (T. candidus) was the commonest species, occurring in 56% of samples, followed by Saccharomonospora viridis in 29%, Thermoactinomyces thalpophilus in 27%, Faenia rectivirgula (Micropolyspora faeni) in 21% and Thermoactinomyces sacchari in 14%. T. vulgaris and T. thalpophilus were isolated from all types of substrate examined, with T. vulgaris always more common than T. thalpophilus. Of the other thermophilic actinomycetes, F. rectivirgula was isolated predominantly from hay (44%) and S. viridis (56%) and T. sacchari (44%) from sugarcane bagasse. The largest populations of T. vulgaris and T. thalpophilus were found in paddy straw, followed by T. sacchari, S. viridis and F. rectivirgula in sugar-cane bagasse. The widespread occurrence of these clinically important thermophilic actinomycetes suggests that exposure of humans and animals to them may be frequent in north-western India. Studies are required to determine the prevalence of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) caused by thermophilic actinomycetes in the local population.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: precipitating antibodies to thermophilic actinomycetes ; Faenia rectivirgula ; Saccharomonospora viridis ; dairy herd workers ; Ouchterlony's double diffusion test ; counterimmunoelectrophoresis ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The study was prompted by the lack of information on the role of thermophilic actinomycetes in hypersensitivity pneumonitis in India. It reports the occurrence of precipitating antibodies against clinically important thermophilic actinomycetes in the sera of a population sample of dairy herd workers, Nangali, Delhi. Of 112 workers investigated, 28 (25%) showed precipitins againstFaenia rectivirgula, 4 (3.2%) againstSaccharomonospora viridis, 2 againstThermoactinomyces thalpophilus and one each againstT. vulgaris andT. sacchari. The results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated that IgG antibody activity againstF. rectivirgula was significantly higher in the symptomatic group than in the asymptomatic group (p〈0.05) of workers and the controls (p〈0.01). Significant difference inF. rectivirgula IgG activity was also obtained between the precipitin-positive symptomatic group and the precipitin-positive asymptomatic group (p〈 0.05). In strong contrast, the IgG antibody activity againstT. thalpophilus was found to be uniformly low. A limited aeromicrobiological sampling of the dairy farm revealedS. viridis (55.8%) to be the commonest species followed byT. vulgaris (19.2%),T. thalpophilus (18.5%),F. rectivirgula (5%) andT. sacchari (15%). On the basis of suggestive clinical and laboratory findings, farmer's lung disease was suspected in four dairy herd workers. A comprehensive clinical evaluation including pulmonary function studies on the dairy herd workers and their long-term follow-up is indicated to determine the extent of respiratory morbidity caused byF. rectivirgula, S. viridis, T. thalpophilus, T. sacchari andT. vulgaris in India.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 10 (1994), S. 296-298 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; diazotrophs ; rice field ; soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Cyanobacteria were recovered from each of 38 soil samples collected from local rice fields. Of the 84 species belonging to 31 genera that were isolated, 42 were heterocystous diazotrophic species belonging to 14 genera and the remaining were non-heterocystous. Fischerella, Nostoc and Calothrix were widespread.
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