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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diffusional growth of a scale with variable composition, diffusivity, and molar volume (1977)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 11 (1977), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; scale growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Equations are presented to modify the classical theoretical expressions for the parabolic rate constant for the case in which the scale has a large composition range and a large variation in molar volume. The modifications appear as simple averages, together with a factor f.Evaluation of f for some hypothetical cases shows that it is near unity unless the composition gradient has an extreme deviation from linearity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00611602
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thickness of the oxide layers formed during the oxidation of iron (1977)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 11 (1977), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; scaling ; wustite ; magnetite ; iron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The theory of the growth of two oxide layers by Yurek et al. has been applied to the oxidation of iron at 1100° C. The theoretical parabolic rate constants for the simultaneous growth of the two oxide layers were calculated from radioactive tracer diffusion coefficients for wustite and magnetite. Good agreement was found between the theoretical and experimental values of the ratio of scale thicknesses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606543
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloridation-oxidation of Fe-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys at 800°C (1997)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 48 (1997), S. 527-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: chloridation ; oxidation ; Fe-Cr alloys ; Ni-Cr alloys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The chloridation-oxidation behavior of Fe-Cr (0–25 wt. %Cr) and Ni-Cr (0–20 wt.%Cr) alloys was studied at 800°C in three different H2-HCl-H2O(ν) environments. In a low-HCI and low-H2O(ν) environment, where Cr2O3 is thermodynamically stable, the corrosion resistance of the Fe-Cr alloys increased with increasing Cr content in the alloys. In a high-HCl and high-H2O(ν) environment, where FeCr2O4 is stable and CrCl2 is metastable, the corrosion resistance of the Fe-Cr alloys depended similarly on the Cr content. Low-Cr-Fe-Cr alloys exhibited large weight losses, while Fe-Cr alloys with higher than 19 wt. %Cr showed good corrosion resistance. In an environment of high-HCl in the absence of H2O(ν), the evaporative corrosion rate was fast and limited by gas phase diffusion, and independent of the Cr content in the Fe-Cr alloys. Ni and Ni-Cr alloys generally showed good corrosion resistance in the environments of high H2O(ν) because of the low NiCl2 vapor pressure and formation of a protective Cr2O3 scale. However, in the environment of high HCl in the absence of H2O(ν), selective formation and evaporation of CrCl2 occur, which results in Cr depletion and networks of voids for even a high-Cr Ni-Cr alloy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02153464
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloridation-oxidation of nine commercial high-temperature alloys at 800°C (1997)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 48 (1997), S. 553-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: chloridation ; oxidation ; HCl ; high-temperature alloys ; high-temperature corrosion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Chloridation-oxidation studies of nine commercial high-temperature alloys were carried out at 800°C in three different H2-HCl-H2O(ν) environments: (A) both low HCl and H2O(ν) partial pressures, where either Cr2O3 or FeCr2O4 is stable, (B) both high HCl and H2O(ν) partial pressures, where FeCrO4 is stable and CrCl2 is metastable, and (C) high HCl partial pressure in the absence of H2O(ν), where either CrCl2 or Cr2O3 is stable. Although alloy 600 has the lowest Cr content of these nine alloys, it showed excellent corrosion resistance in all three environments because of its high Ni content. Alloy 304, with the lowest Ni content of the nine alloys, exhibited poor corrosion resistance in the environment C, fair resistance in the environment B and good resistance in the environment A. Alloy 800 showed very good resistance in Environment A, and fair corrosion resistance in Environment B; however, it suffered linear weight-loss kinetics when exposed to Environment C The alloys 617, 214, HR-160, X, 230 and 86 have good corrosion resistance in Environments A and B because of their relatively high contents of oxide-scale-forming elements Cr and/or Al. In Environment C, chlorine dramatically decreased the adhesion of the scale on the surface, and aluminum in alloys 617 and 214 hardly showed its usual beneficial effect in combating corrosion, nor does silicon in alloy HR-160. Different corrosion mechanisms are proposed for the alloys in the different environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02153465
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of iron-manganese-aluminum alloys at 850 and 1000°C (1982)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 18 (1982), S. 285-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Iron-manganese-aluminum ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A series of austenitic Fe-Mn-Al alloys containing C, Si, and Zr was tested for oxidation resistance in air at 850 and 1000°C. The resultant oxide scales were examined for morphology and elemental distribution. Some alloys, particularly Fe, 32Mn, 7.5Al, 2Si, and 0.6C, had good oxidation resistance at 850°C but none was adequate at 1000°C. Poor oxidation resistance was associated with the internal oxidation of Al and formation of voluminous (Fe, Mn)O scale nodules. The results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms for formation of a protective alumina layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00656572
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrolytic protection to reduce high-temperature oxidation (1992)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 38 (1992), S. 267-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; electrons ; electrolyte ; ionic conduction ; electric field
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The imposition of a dc voltage across an oxide-ion-conducting solid electrolyte, upon which a gradient in the chemical potential of neutral oxygen (O, O2) is maintained, causes coupled gradients in the electrochemical potentials of oxygen ions and electrons. The concept of balancing these gradients to provide oxidation protection at high temperatures is discussed. Experimental results show a significant reduction in the oxidation of a zircaloy substrate under an applied electric field near the open-circuit potential. The current densities required are small enough to allow the use of electrically-conducting-ceramic electrodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00666915
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Codeposited chromium and silicon diffusion coatings for Fe-Base alloys via pack cementation (1994)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 42 (1994), S. 303-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: codeposition ; diffusion coating ; pack cementation ; thermodynamics ; oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The simultaneous deposition of Cr and Si into plain carbon, low-alloy, and austenitic steels using a halide-activated pack-cementation process is described. Equilibrium partial pressures of gaseous species have been calculated using the STEPSOL computer program to aid in designing specific processes for codepositing the desired ratios of Cr and Si into a given alloy. The calculations indicate that NaCl-activated packs are chromizing, while NaF-activated packs deposit more Si with less Cr. The use of a “dual activator” (e.g., NaF+NaCl) allows for the deposition of both Cr and Si in the desired amounts. Single-phase ferritic coatings (150–250 microns thick) with a surface concentration of 20–35 wt.% Cr and 2–4% Si have been grown on AISI 1018, Fe-2.25 Cr-1.0Mo-0.15C, and Fe-0.5 Cr-0.5 Mo-0.2C steels using packs containing a 90 wt.% Cr-10Si binary source alloy, a NaF+NaCl activator, and a silica filler. Two-phase coatings (approximately 75 microns thick) containing 20–25 wt.% Cr and 2.0–2.4% Si have been obtained on 304 stainless steel using packs containing a 90 wt.% Cr-10Si binary source alloy, a NaF activator, and an alumina filler. The same pack chemistry allowed the diffusion of Cr and Si into the austenitic Incoloy 800 alloy without a phase change. A coated Fe-2.25 Cr-1.0 Mo-0.15 C coupon with a surface concentration of Fe-34 wt.% Cr-3Si was cyclically oxidized in air at 700°C for over four months and 47 cycles. The weight gain was very low (〈0.2 mg/cm2) with no scale spalling detected. Coated coupons of AISI 1018 steel, and Fe-0.5 Cr-0.5 Mo-0.2C steel have shown excellent oxidation-sulfidation resistance in reducing, sulfur-containing atmospheres at temperatures from 400 to 700°C and in erosion and erosion-oxidation testing in air at 650 and 850°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052029
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  • 8
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    A secreted PTEN phosphatase that enters cells to alter signaling and survival (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-08
    Description: Phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome ten (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor and an antagonist of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway. We identified a 576-amino acid translational variant of PTEN, termed PTEN-Long, that arises from an alternative translation start site 519 base pairs upstream of the ATG initiation sequence, adding 173 N-terminal amino acids to the normal PTEN open reading frame. PTEN-Long is a membrane-permeable lipid phosphatase that is secreted from cells and can enter other cells. As an exogenous agent, PTEN-Long antagonized PI3K signaling and induced tumor cell death in vitro and in vivo. By providing a means to restore a functional tumor-suppressor protein to tumor cells, PTEN-Long may have therapeutic uses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3935617/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3935617/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hopkins, Benjamin D -- Fine, Barry -- Steinbach, Nicole -- Dendy, Meaghan -- Rapp, Zachary -- Shaw, Jacquelyn -- Pappas, Kyrie -- Yu, Jennifer S -- Hodakoski, Cindy -- Mense, Sarah -- Klein, Joshua -- Pegno, Sarah -- Sulis, Maria-Luisa -- Goldstein, Hannah -- Amendolara, Benjamin -- Lei, Liang -- Maurer, Matthew -- Bruce, Jeffrey -- Canoll, Peter -- Hibshoosh, Hanina -- Parsons, Ramon -- 2T32 CA09503/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA082783/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA097403/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA097403/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA082783/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA155117/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS066955/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS073610/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS066955/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009503/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008224/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 26;341(6144):399-402. doi: 10.1126/science.1234907. Epub 2013 Jun 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Cell Survival ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Glioblastoma/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Emulating membrane protein evolution by rational design (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: How do integral membrane proteins evolve in size and complexity? Using the small multidrug-resistance protein EmrE from Escherichia coli as a model, we experimentally demonstrated that the evolution of membrane proteins composed of two homologous but oppositely oriented domains can occur in a small number of steps: An original dual-topology protein evolves, through a gene-duplication event, to a heterodimer formed by two oppositely oriented monomers. This simple evolutionary pathway can explain the frequent occurrence of membrane proteins with an internal pseudo-two-fold symmetry axis in the plane of the membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rapp, Mikaela -- Seppala, Susanna -- Granseth, Erik -- von Heijne, Gunnar -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1282-4. Epub 2007 Jan 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antiporters/*chemistry/genetics ; Cell Membrane/*chemistry ; Dimerization ; Directed Molecular Evolution ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli/*chemistry/drug effects/genetics/growth & development ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Ethidium/pharmacology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Primary structure of v-raf: relatedness to the src family of oncogenes (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-04-20
    Description: A replication-defective, acute transforming retrovirus (murine sarcoma virus 3611) was isolated from mouse and molecularly cloned. The nucleotide sequence of 1.5 kilobases encompassing the transforming gene (v-raf) was determined. This sequence, which predicts the amino acid sequence of a gag-raf fusion protein, terminates 180 nucleotides from the 3' end of the acquired cellular sequence. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of v-raf with the predicted amino acid sequences of other oncogenes reveals significant homologies to the src family of oncogenes. There is a lack of homology within the sequence of the tyrosine acceptor domain described for the phosphotyrosine kinase members of the src family of transforming proteins. Phylogenetic arrangement of this family of oncogenes suggests that tyrosine-specific phosphorylation may be a recently acquired activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mark, G E -- Rapp, U R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 20;224(4646):285-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6324342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Gene Products, gag ; *Genes, Viral ; Mice ; *Oncogenes ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Sarcoma Viruses, Murine/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tyrosine/metabolism ; Viral Proteins/analysis/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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