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    Role of serotonin in the paradoxical calming effect of psychostimulants on hyperactivity (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-15
    Description: The mechanism by which psychostimulants act as calming agents in humans with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or hyperkinetic disorder is currently unknown. Mice lacking the gene encoding the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (DAT) have elevated dopaminergic tone and are hyperactive. This activity was exacerbated by exposure to a novel environment. Additionally, these mice were impaired in spatial cognitive function, and they showed a decrease in locomotion in response to psychostimulants. This paradoxical calming effect of psychostimulants depended on serotonergic neurotransmission. The parallels between the DAT knockout mice and individuals with ADHD suggest that common mechanisms may underlie some of their behaviors and responses to psychostimulants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gainetdinov, R R -- Wetsel, W C -- Jones, S R -- Levin, E D -- Jaber, M -- Caron, M G -- MH-40159/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 15;283(5400):397-401.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute Laboratories, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9888856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug ; therapy/physiopathology/psychology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/*pharmacology ; Corpus Striatum/*metabolism ; Dopamine/metabolism/physiology ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Fluoxetine/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hyperkinesis/*drug therapy/physiopathology/psychology ; Maze Learning ; Membrane Glycoproteins/drug effects/metabolism ; *Membrane Transport Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Serotonin/metabolism/*physiology ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology ; *Symporters ; *Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radionuclide Behaviour and Transport in a Coniferous Woodland Ecosystem: The Distribution of Radionuclides in Soil and Leaf Litter (2000)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 122 (2000), S. 389-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: aerial deposition ; Am-241 ; Cs-137 ; edge effect ; forest ; Pu-239+240 ; spatial distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A coniferous woodland in the vicinity of theBritish Nuclear Fuels reprocessing plant atSellafield, Cumbria, was used to examine the spatial,temporal and depth distribution of 134Cs,137Cs, 238Pu, 239+240Pu and 241Amin soil and leaf litter. All the radionuclides, withthe exception of 134Cs, showed a consistent fallin accumulated soil and litter deposits withincreasing distance from the woodland edge nearest toSellafield. 137Cs levels in soil declined from 53to 28 kBq m-2, 239+240Pu from 5.5 to 3.6 kBqm-2 and 241Am from 2.9 to 1.1 kBq m-2within 100 m of the forest edge. This decline isattributed to greater deposition occurring at theleading edge of the woodland. The uniform depositionpattern of 134Cs in soil is consistent with thehypothesis that, at the time of sampling, thesedeposits derived largely from wet deposition duringpassage of the Chernobyl plume over Cumbria in May1986. Results for the leaf litter indicate a similarspatial distribution to that observed in soil.Radionuclide concentrations were also similar but thisis not attributable to adventitious soil contaminationbecause significant differences between isotopicratios of 134Cs:137Cs and 238Pu:239+240Pu imply that the contamination on leaflitter is of more recent origin than that in soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005225406105
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