Publication Date:
2002-10-05
Description:
We have identified 242 Anopheles gambiae genes from 18 gene families implicated in innate immunity and have detected marked diversification relative to Drosophila melanogaster. Immune-related gene families involved in recognition, signal modulation, and effector systems show a marked deficit of orthologs and excessive gene expansions, possibly reflecting selection pressures from different pathogens encountered in these insects' very different life-styles. In contrast, the multifunctional Toll signal transduction pathway is substantially conserved, presumably because of counterselection for developmental stability. Representative expression profiles confirm that sequence diversification is accompanied by specific responses to different immune challenges. Alternative RNA splicing may also contribute to expansion of the immune repertoire.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christophides, George K -- Zdobnov, Evgeny -- Barillas-Mury, Carolina -- Birney, Ewan -- Blandin, Stephanie -- Blass, Claudia -- Brey, Paul T -- Collins, Frank H -- Danielli, Alberto -- Dimopoulos, George -- Hetru, Charles -- Hoa, Ngo T -- Hoffmann, Jules A -- Kanzok, Stefan M -- Letunic, Ivica -- Levashina, Elena A -- Loukeris, Thanasis G -- Lycett, Gareth -- Meister, Stephan -- Michel, Kristin -- Moita, Luis F -- Muller, Hans-Michael -- Osta, Mike A -- Paskewitz, Susan M -- Reichhart, Jean-Marc -- Rzhetsky, Andrey -- Troxler, Laurent -- Vernick, Kenneth D -- Vlachou, Dina -- Volz, Jennifer -- von Mering, Christian -- Xu, Jiannong -- Zheng, Liangbiao -- Bork, Peer -- Kafatos, Fotis C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):159-65.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Alternative Splicing
;
Animals
;
Anopheles/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism/microbiology/parasitology
;
Apoptosis
;
Bacteria/immunology
;
Catechol Oxidase/metabolism
;
Computational Biology
;
Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
;
Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/immunology/metabolism
;
Enzyme Precursors/metabolism
;
Gene Expression Regulation
;
*Genes, Insect
;
Genome
;
Immunity, Innate
;
Insect Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
;
Multigene Family
;
Peptides/metabolism
;
Phylogeny
;
Plasmodium/immunology/physiology
;
Protein Structure, Tertiary
;
Selection, Genetic
;
Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism
;
Serpins/metabolism
;
Signal Transduction
Print ISSN:
0036-8075
Electronic ISSN:
1095-9203
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Computer Science
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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