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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping quantitative trait loci using molecular marker linkage maps (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 79 (1990), S. 583-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Restriction fragment length polymorphisms ; Allozymes ; Maximum lilkelihood estimators ; Normal distribution mixture models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary High-density restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and allozyme linkage maps have been developed in several plant species. These maps make it technically feasible to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) using methods based on flanking marker genetic models. In this paper, we describe flanking marker models for doubled haploid (DH), recombinant inbred (RI), backcross (BC), F1 testcross (F1TC), DH testcross (DHTC), recombinant inbred testcross (RITC), F2, and F3 progeny. These models are functions of the means of quantitative trait locus genotypes and recombination frequencies between marker and quantitative trait loci. In addition to the genetic models, we describe maximum likelihood methods for estimating these parameters using linear, nonlinear, and univariate or multivariate normal distribution mixture models. We defined recombination frequency estimators for backcross and F2 progeny group genetic models using the parameters of linear models. In addition, we found a genetically unbiased estimator of the QTL heterozygote mean using a linear function of marker means. In nonlinear models, recombination frequencies are estimated less efficiently than the means of quantitative trait locus genotypes. Recombination frequency estimation efficiency decreases as the distance between markers decreases, because the number of progeny in recombinant marker classes decreases. Mean estimation efficiency is nearly equal for these methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226869
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using molecular markers to map multiple quantitative trait loci: models for backcross, recombinant inbred, and doubled haploid progeny (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 81 (1991), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Allozymes ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Linkage maps ; Nonlinear models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary To maximize parameter estimation efficiency and statistical power and to estimate epistasis, the parameters of multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) must be simultaneously estimated. If multiple QTL affect a trait, then estimates of means of QTL genotypes from individual locus models are statistically biased. In this paper, I describe methods for estimating means of QTL genotypes and recombination frequencies between marker and quantitative trait loci using multilocus backcross, doubled haploid, recombinant inbred, and testcross progeny models. Expected values of marker genotype means were defined using no double or multiple crossover frequencies and flanking markers for linked and unlinked quantitative trait loci. The expected values for a particular model comprise a system of nonlinear equations that can be solved using an interative algorithm, e.g., the Gauss-Newton algorithm. The solutions are maximum likelihood estimates when the errors are normally distributed. A linear model for estimating the parameters of unlinked quantitative trait loci was found by transforming the nonlinear model. Recombination frequency estimators were defined using this linear model. Certain means of linked QTLs are less efficiently estimated than means of unlinked QTLs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228673
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restriction fragment length polymorphism and allozyme linkage map of Cuphea lanceolata (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 83 (1992), S. 528-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Allozymes ; Restriction fragment length polymorphisms ; Linkage map ; Cuphea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cuphea lanceolata Ait. has had a significant role in the domestication of Cuphea and is a useful experimental organism for investigating how medium-chain lipids are synthesized in developing seeds. To expand the genetics of this species, a linkage map of the C. lanceolata genome was constructed using five allozyme and 32 restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (RFLP) marker loci. These loci were assigned to six linkage groups that correspond to the six chromosomes of this species. Map length is 288 cM. Levels of polymorphism were estimated for three inbred lines of C. lanceolata and an inbred line of C. viscosissima using 84 random genomic clones and two restriction enzymes, EcoRI and HindIII. Of the probes 29% detected RFLPs between C. lanceolata and C. viscosissima lines. Crosses between these species can be exploited to expand the map.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226543
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