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    Identification of the sex genes in an early diverged fungus (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-11
    Description: Sex determination in fungi is controlled by a small, specialized region of the genome in contrast to the large sex-specific chromosomes of animals and some plants. Different gene combinations reside at these mating-type (MAT) loci and confer sexual identity; invariably they encode homeodomain, alpha-box, or high mobility group (HMG)-domain transcription factors. So far, MAT loci have been characterized from a single monophyletic clade of fungi, the Dikarya (the ascomycetes and basidiomycetes), and the ancestral state and evolutionary history of these loci have remained a mystery. Mating in the basal members of the kingdom has been less well studied, and even their precise taxonomic inter-relationships are still obscure. Here we apply bioinformatic and genetic mapping to identify the sex-determining (sex) region in Phycomyces blakesleeanus (Zygomycota), which represents an early branch within the fungi. Each sex allele contains a single gene that encodes an HMG-domain protein, implicating the HMG-domain proteins as an earlier form of fungal MAT loci. Additionally, one allele also contains a copy of a unique, chromosome-specific repetitive element, suggesting a generalized mechanism for the earliest steps in the evolution of sex determination and sex chromosome structure in eukaryotes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Idnurm, Alexander -- Walton, Felicia J -- Floyd, Anna -- Heitman, Joseph -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 10;451(7175):193-6. doi: 10.1038/nature06453.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18185588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Chromosomes, Fungal/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Fertility/genetics ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Fungi/classification/*genetics ; Genes, Fungal/*genetics ; Genes, Mating Type, Fungal/genetics ; HMG-Box Domains ; Heterozygote ; High Mobility Group Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; Recombination, Genetic/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ; *Sex ; *Sex Determination Processes
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemistry of the “sexual segment” granules of the male rattlesnake kidneyThis investigation was supported by grant AM-06867-1 from the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service. (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The histochemistry of the “sexual segment” granules of the kidney of male diamondback rattlesnakes has been studied to define the nature of these andro-genically responsive granules. The kidneys were variously fixed and sections stained with a number of acid dyes, as well as by a variety of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein histochemical methods. The results indicate that “sexual segment” granules bind acid dyes strongly, contain some lipids and neutral glyco- or mucoproteins, much tyrosine and lysine, and some tryptophan and cysteine. A resemblance, concluded to be superficial, is noted between the histochemical properties of zymogen granules and the predominantly proteinaceous “sexual segment” granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051160204
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The osmotic response of human erythrocytes and the membrane cytoskeleton (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 122 (1985), S. 266-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The volumes of human erythrocytes suspended in solutions of varying concentrations of sodium chloride and sucrose were measured by a Coulter Channelyzer® Model H4 with appropriate corrections. The cells showed greatly restricted volume changes at osmolarities between 200-700 mOsm. At osmolarities outside this limit, on the other hand, the cells showed nonrestricted volume changes following essentially the predictions of an ideal osmometer. This unexpected volume response was not spuriously due to changes in shape or to a changing orientation of the cells as they traversed the aperture. The restricted volume change observed was abolished when the cells had previously been treated with diamide or had been heated for 60 minutes at 50°C, conditions that are known to disturb the spectrin-actin network. The possibility must be considered that the osmotic behavior of human erythrocytes may be nonideal and that this nonideal behavior is primarily due to mechanical restriction provided by the spectrin-actin network of the membrane cytoskeleton.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041220216
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