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  • Al substitute mechanism  (1)
  • Earth Resources and Remote Sensing; Environment Pollution  (1)
  • Freeze-drying  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of dehydrated powder of hemoglobin vesicles (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 3 (1992), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Hemoglobin ; Vesicles ; Polymerized lipids ; Saccharides ; Freeze-drying ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The carbonyl hemoglobin (CO-Hb), which was used to prevent denaturation (metHb) during the preparation of samples, was encapsulated into lipid vesicles constituted from unsaturated phospholipid, cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acid. Unsaturated components were polymerized by γ-irradiation to enhance the stability of bilayer membrane. An aqueous dispersion of resulting Hb vesicles was freeze-dried in the presence of saccharides (50-200 mM) to obtain a dehydrated powder of Hb vesicles. Change in the vesicle size, the leakage of encapsulated Hb and the oxidation of Hb to metHb were not observed. Therefore, the long-term storage of Hb vesicles can be realized as a dry powder.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1992.220030103
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Aluminum Components in Bridgmanite Coexisting With Corundum and the CF‐Phase With Temperature (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-02
    Description: Abstract Phase relations in the MgSiO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉–MgAl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉–Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 system are investigated at 27 GPa and 2000–2600 K using a multi‐anvil apparatus. The AlAlO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 content in the bridgmanite increases from 8.6 to 20.0 mol% with increasing temperature from 2000 to 2600 K, while the MgAlO〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 content remains nearly constant, that is, 3–4 mol% at these temperatures. Therefore, the presence of an additional Al‐bearing phase suppresses the oxygen vacancy substitution for Al〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉 in bridgmanite. Conversely, significant amounts of the Al〈sub〉8/3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 component can be dissolved into the calcium‐ferrite type MgAl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉–Mg〈sub〉2〈/sub〉SiO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉–Al〈sub〉8/3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 phase (CF‐phase), implying that the CF‐phase likely contains some amount of vacancies. Therefore, the CF‐phase could also be a candidate mineral for transporting volatiles into the lower mantle. Our results, combined with previous studies on Al‐bearing bridgmanite, indicate that, once the Al per formula unit exceeds 0.12 in bridgmanite, the MgAlO〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 content remains nearly constant and the AlAlO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 component becomes dominant.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Bridgmanite, the most abundant mineral in the Earth's mantle, can contain Al〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉 in the forms of MgAlO〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 and AlAlO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉. To constrain the substitution mechanism of Al〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉 in bridgmanite, we investigate the MgAlO〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 and AlAlO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 contents in bridgmanite coexisting with a calcium‐ferrite type phase and corundum at different temperatures. Our results demonstrate that the MgAlO〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 content reaches saturation (3–4 mol%) when an additional Al‐bearing phase exists in the system.
    Description: Key Points: The MgAlO〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 content in bridgmanite remains constant with temperature when bridgmanite coexists with corundum and the CF‐phase. The MgAlO〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 content in bridgmanite reaches a solubility of 3–4 mol% when bridgmanite coexists with an additional Al‐bearing phase. A significant amount of the Al〈sub〉8/3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 component can be dissolved into the CF‐phase.
    Description: HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100019180
    Description: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000646
    Description: cooperative research program of the Earthquake Research Institute
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7512647
    Keywords: ddc:549 ; Al‐bearing bridgmanite ; Al substitute mechanism ; phase relation ; volatile
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 3
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    An Overview of Regional Experiments on Biomass Burning Aerosols and Related Pollutants in Southeast Asia: From BASE-ASIA and the Dongsha Experiment to 7-SEAS (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: By modulating the Earth-atmosphere energy, hydrological and biogeochemical cycles, and affecting regional-to-global weather and climate, biomass burning is recognized as one of the major factors affecting the global carbon cycle. However, few comprehensive and wide-ranging experiments have been conducted to characterize biomass-burning pollutants in Southeast Asia (SEA) or assess their regional impact on meteorology, the hydrological cycle, the radiative budget, or climate change. Recently, BASEASIA (Biomass-burning Aerosols in South-East Asia: Smoke Impact Assessment) and the 7-SEAS (7- South-East Asian Studies) Dongsha Experiment were conducted during the spring seasons of 2006 and 2010 in northern SEA, respectively, to characterize the chemical, physical, and radiative properties of biomass-burning emissions near the source regions, and assess their effects. This paper provides an overview of results from these two campaigns and related studies collected in this special issue, entitled Observation, modeling and impact studies of biomass burning and pollution in the SE Asian Environment. This volume includes 28 papers, which provide a synopsis of the experiments, regional weatherclimate, chemical characterization of biomass-burning aerosols and related pollutants in source and sink regions, the spatial distribution of air toxics (atmospheric mercury and dioxins) in source and remote areas, a characterization of aerosol physical, optical, and radiative properties, as well as modeling and impact studies. These studies, taken together, provide the first relatively complete dataset of aerosol chemistry and physical observations conducted in the sourcesink region in the northern SEA, with particular emphasis on the marine boundary layer and lower free troposphere (LFT). The data, analysis and modeling included in these papers advance our present knowledge of source characterization of biomass-burning pollutants near the source regions as well as the physical and chemical processes along transport pathways. In addition, we raise key questions to be addressed by a coming deployment during springtime 2013 in northern SEA, named 7-SEASBASELInE (Biomass-burning Aerosols Stratocumulus Environment: Lifecycles and Interactions Experiment). This campaign will include a synergistic approach for further exploring many key atmospheric processes (e.g., complex aerosol-cloud interactions) and impacts of biomass burning on the surface-atmosphere energy budgets during the lifecycles of biomass burning emissions.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing; Environment Pollution
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN10430 , Atmospheric Environment Special Issue: Observation, modeling and impact studies of biomass burning and pollution in the SE Asian Environment; 78; 1-19
    Format: application/pdf
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