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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitive ability is linked to rates of water extraction (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 75 (1988), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Agropyron ; Artemisia ; Competition ; Competitive ability ; Water depletion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The relative competitive abilities of Agropyron desertorum and Agropyron spicatum under rangeland conditions were compared using Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis transplants as indicator plants. We found A. desertorum to have substantially greater competitive ability than A. spicatum as manifested by the responses of Artemisia shrubs that were transplanted into nearly monospecific stands of these grass species. The Artemisia indicator plants had lower survival, growth, reproduction, and late-season water potential in the neighborhoods dominated by A. desertorum than in those dominated by A. spicatum. In similar, essentially monospecific grass stands, neutron probe soil moisture measurements showed that stands of A. desertorum extracted water more rapidly from the soil profile than did those of A. spicatum. These differences in extraction rates correlate clearly with the differences in indicator plant success in the respective grass stands. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in Artemisia tissues suggested these nutrients were not limiting indicator plant growth and survival in the A. desertorum plots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378806
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shading and the capture of localized soil nutrients: nutrient contents, carbohydrates, and root uptake kinetics of a perennial tussock grass (1992)
    Springer
    Oecologia 91 (1992), S. 457-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Agropyron ; Carbohydrates ; Phosphate and ammonium uptake kinetics ; Roots and soil microsites ; Shading
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ability to exploit spatial and temporal heterogeneity in soil resources can be one factor important to the competitive balance of plants. Competition above-ground may limit selective plant responses to below-ground heterogeneity, since mechanisms such as root proliferation and alterations in uptake kinetics are energy-dependent processes. We studied the effect of shading on the ability of the perennial tussock grassAgropyron desertorum to take up nutrients from enriched soil microsites in two consecutive growing seasons. Roots of unshaded plants selectively increased phosphate uptake capacity in enriched soil microsites (mean increases of up to 73%), but shading eliminated this response. There were no changes in ammonium uptake capacity for roots in control and enriched patches for either shaded or unshaded plants. The 9-day shade treatments significantly reduced total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentrations for roots in 1990, but had no apparent effect on root carbohydrates in 1991 despite dramatic reductions in shoot TNC and fructan concentrations. Enrichment of the soil patches resulted in significantly greater phosphate concentrations in roots of both shaded and unshaded plants, with less dramatic differences for nitrogen and no changes in potassium concentrations. In many respects the shaded plants did surprisingly well, at least in terms of apparent nutrient acquisition. The effects of aboveground competition on nutrient demand, energy requirements, and belowground processes are discussed for plants exploiting soil resource heterogeneity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00650316
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of successful competitors: an evaluation of potential growth rate in two cold desert tussock grasses (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 71 (1987), S. 167-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Agropyron ; Artemisia ; Relative growth rate ; Competition ; Tussock grass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Within the first few weeks after seedling emergence, Agropyron desertorum, a more competitive tussock grass, had a much higher mean relative growth rate (RGR) than Agropyron spicatum, a very similar, but less competitive species. However, beyond the early seedling stage, the two grasses had a remarkably similar whole-plant RGR in hydroponic culture and aboveground RGR in glasshouse soil, if root temperatures were above approximately 12°C. At soil temperatures between 5 and 12°C, A. desertorum exhibited a 66% greater aboveground RGR than A. spicatum (P〈0.05). Both species responded similarly to warming soil temperatures. In the field, however, tiller growth rates were generally similar. Neither species showed marked tiller elongation until a couple of weeks after snowmelt, by which time soil temperatures, at least to a depth of 10 cm, were above 12°C for a significant portion of the day. Aboveground biomass accumulation over a three-year period indicated that both grasses had similar potential growth rates whereas Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana, a common neighbor planted in the same plots, had a much greater potential growth rate. The greater competitive ability of adult A. desertorum, as compared to A. spicatum, cannot be attributed to appreciable differences in potential growth rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377281
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The timing and degree of root proliferation in fertile-soil microsites for three cold-desert perennials (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 81 (1989), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Agropyron ; Artemisia ; Belowground competition ; Pseudoroegneria ; Root proliferation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Root proliferation in nutrient-rich soil patches is an important mechanism facilitating nutrient capture by plants. Although the phenomenon of root proliferation is well documented, the specific timing of this proliferation has not been investigated. We studied the timing and degree of root proliferation for three perennial species common to the Great Basin region of North America: a shrub, Artemisia tridentata, a native tussock grass, Agropyron spicatum, and an introduced tussock grass, Agropyron desertorum. One day after we applied nutrient solution to small soil patches, the mean relative growth rate of Agropyron desertorum roots in these soil patches was two to four times greater than for roots of the same plants in soil patches reated with distilled water. Most of the increased root growth came from thin, laterally branching roots within the patches. This rapid and striking root proliferation by Agropyron desertorum occurred in response to N-P-K enrichment as well as to P or N enrichment alone. A less competitive bunchgrass, Agrophyron spicatum, showed no tendency to proliferate roots in enriched soil patches during these two-week experiments. The shrub Artemisia tridentata proliferated roots within one day of initial solution injection in the N-enrichment experiment, but root proliferation of this species was more gradual and less consistent in the N-P-K and P-enrichment experiments, respectively. The ability of Agropyron desertorum to proliferate roots rapidly may partly explain both its general competitive success and its superior ability to exploit soil nutrients compared to Agropyron spicatum in Great Basin rangelands of North America.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379798
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