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  • Fynbos  (4)
  • Vegetation structure  (2)
  • Afromontane forest  (1)
  • Cape fynbos  (1)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modelling the biological aspects of local endemism in South African Fynbos (1995)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 195 (1995), S. 137-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Schlagwort(e): Fynbos ; endemism ; dispersal ; growth form ; regeneration ; logistic regression analysis ; model ; Flora of the Cape
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The biological attributes, dispersal mode, growth form, and regeneration strategy were determined for the endemic and non-endemic flora of the southern Langeberg, Cape Province, South Africa.—Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the simultaneous effects and interactions between these biological attributes on the occurrence of endemism. The model allowed numerical estimation of the probability that a species with a given set of attributes would be endemic.—This approach extends a contingency table analysis of the data, which merely indicated the association between individual biological traits and endemism. Furthermore, the logistic model allows scope for the analysis of the influence of biological traits in determining endemism in other floras, and also tentative prediction of the probability of endemism in species with combinations of biological traits not yet observed in the flora of the southern Langeberg.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989290
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vegetation-environment relationships on a species-rich coastal mountain range in the fynbos biome (South Africa) (1996)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 123 (1996), S. 165-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Schlagwort(e): Classification ; Fynbos ; Gradient analysis ; Vegetation-environment relationships
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The species-rich fynbos of the southern Langeberg Mountains, South Africa was studied along three transects (a) to evaluate the compatibility of a floristic classification of the southern Langeberg vegetation with a fynbos biome-wide structural classification of mountain vegetation, (b) to describe the environmental gradients to which the vegetation responds and (c) to investigate the relationship between the vegetation and the abiotic environmental variables which determine the pattern of distribution of the fynbos communities on the southern Langeberg. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was used to determine correlations between environmental variables independent of vegetation data. Similarities between the 46 communities (determined by floristics) from the three transects were determined using cluster analysis and grouped into 14 higher-level units. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) was then used for indirect gradient analysis after which Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used in a direct gradient analysis of the vegetation with the environmental variables. Compatibility between the floristic and structural classification of the vegetation was analysed. The PCA principal gradient was defined as one from sites with high rock cover, shallow soils and north aspects to those with low rock cover, deeper soils and south aspects. The second gradient is most strongly positively correlated with percentage organic carbon and most strongly negatively correlated with soil clay content. In contrast to the PCA, the DCA showed that the principal gradient is a precipitation gradient, with the response of the vegetation dominated by the change from wet to dry conditions and from low to high winter incoming radiation. The CCA showed that the variation in the mountain habitats to which the vegetation responds can be predicted from a combination of a few environmental variables. The principal gradient was one of change from high to low mean annual precipitation with an opposite change in winter incoming radiation. The second gradient was described by percentage surface rock cover and soil clay content. A simple model using the environmental factors selected in the CCA was proposed for predicting the distribution of floristically determined community groups in the fynbos vegetation of the Langeberg and the southern Cape coastal mountains in general.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00118269
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Soil nutrient dynamics and community boundaries in the Fynbos vegetation of South Africa (1997)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 130 (1997), S. 143-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Schlagwort(e): Community boundaries ; Fynbos ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Soils
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The relationship between changes in soil nutrient characteristics and fynbos community boundaries was investigated near Cape Agulhas, South Africa. Soil characteristics relating to total nutrient content (pH, total N and total P, organic carbon, and various cations) were assessed at sites along three transects crossing the boundaries between five plant communities. Dynamics of available N and P in soils of three communities were studied in the field over one year, using ion-exchange resins. There was a wide range in the degree of change in soil nutrient content across different community boundaries. The characteristics that varied most were pH, total N, Ca and total P. Differences in available nutrients among soils indicated that the communities in this landscape were associated with a mosaic of N and P availability. It is proposed that spatial variation in soil nutrient availability rather than total soil nutrient contents may be important in explaining landscape-level species distributions and community composition in nutrient-poor mediterranean-climate ecosystems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009742225383
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comparison of fynbos and non-fynbos coenoclines in the lower Gamtoos River Valley, southeastern Cape, South Africa (1983)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 53 (1983), S. 161-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Schlagwort(e): Afromontane forest ; Cape fynbos ; Endemism ; Gradient analysis ; Growth forms ; Phytochorological affinities ; Soil moisture ; Soil nutrients ; Subtropical thicket ; Vegetation history ; Vegetation structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Patterns in the relative importance of structural attributes and growth forms along fynbos and non-fynbos coenoclines were studied to test the hypothesis that there would be less structural variation in the former because the overriding influence of low levels of soil nutrients would be manifest in a great deal of structural convergence in fynbos. The coenoclines were ranged along identical environmental gradients of increasing altitude, rainfall and soil moisture and decreasing climatic variability. Results showed that along the entire fynbos coenocline vegetation was structurally a small-leaved sclerophyllous shrubland with a graminoid understorey and, usually, a large-leaved (proteoid) shrub overstorey. Fynbos structure was interpreted largely as a response to low levels of soil nutrients. Non-fynbos vegetation ranged from mixed succulent-sclerophyllous and spiny large-leaved thicket at lower altitudes to tall mesic forest at the upper end of the gradient. Non-fynbos structure was explained in terms of variations in soil moisture and climate. An analysis of the biogeographical affinities of sample floras at sites along the coenoclines showed that fynbos vegetation was dominated by taxa endemic to the Cape phytochorion, although phytochorological mixing was pronounced at the lower altitude sites. The level of local endemism in the fynbos coenocline was relatively high; nearly all endemics were Cape fynbos taxa and their incidence increased with increasing altitude. These data indicate that fynbos vegetation has had a lengthy history in the southeastern Cape and that high altitude sites would have comprised a refuge for Cape taxa during unfavourable climatic periods. Non-fynbos vegetation ranged from dry subtropical Tongaland-Pondoland thicket with a strong Karoo-Namib component to temperate Afromontane forest. Levels of endemism were lower than the fynbos coenocline and decreased with increasing altitude. The high number of karroid endemics found in both coenoclines at low altitudes suggests that karroid vegetation would have been more widespread in the past, probably during the last glacial which was considerably drier than the present Holocene interglacial.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044900
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Convergence in vegetation structure in the mediterranean communities of California, Chile and South Africa (1980)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 43 (1980), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Schlagwort(e): California ; Cape Province ; Chile ; Convergence ; Edaphic factors ; Mediterranean climate ; South Africa ; Speeies richness ; Vegetation structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Plant communities on desert to montane transects in the mediterranean type climatic areas in southern California, central Chile and the Cape, South Africa have been analysed to determine the extent of vegetation convergence. Data on floristic richness, growth form, leaf duration, leaf size, and spineseence, of the woody plants, collected by Parsons & Moldenke (1975) from analogous climatic sites in California and Chile, were compared with data from analogous sites in the Cape. Considerable convergence in vegetation structure between floristically distinct but climatically similar sites in California and Chile has been demonstrated by Parsons & Moldenke (1975). Cape vegetation, however, shows little convergence to these mediterranean regions. In Cape desert communities succulence rather than drought deciduousness is the principal adaptive strategy. Cape fynbos communities show major differences from communities at analogous sites on the other continents. Much of the divergence between fynbos and the vegetation of the other continents can be attributed to the nutrient-poor soils on which fynbos has evolved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00158749
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diversity relations in Cape shrublands and other vegetation in the southeastern Cape, South Africa (1983)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 54 (1983), S. 103-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Schlagwort(e): Disturbance ; Fynbos ; Renosterveld ; Soil nutrients ; Species diversity ; Tension zone ; Vegetation dynamics ; Vegetation history
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper investigates, and seeks explanations for, the diversity relations of Cape shrublands (fynbos and renosterveld), subtropical thicket and Afromontane forest, in the biogeographically complex SE Cape. Global comparisons of richness at the 0.1 hectare scale, of communities in the study area and elsewhere in South Africa with analogous vegetation on other continents, were largely inconclusive. Reasons for this are the unexplained variability of richness within vegetation types, problems associated with the scale of diversity used, and difficulties in defining analogous vegetation types. Diversity comparisons within the Cape Region and within the study area communities showed that alpha diversity of fynbos was not consistently higher than other vegetation types. In the study area highest richness was recorded in renosterveld and highest equitability in subtropical thicket; the most species-poor communities were Mountain Fynbos and Afromontane forest. The results of a correlation analysis showed that an index of phytochorological diversity was the factor most strongly correlated with richness in all vegetation types. Soil nutrients did not emerge as significant correlates of diversity except in fynbos where low levels of available nutrients were associated with low values of phytochorological diversity and low species richness. The diversity of fire-prone and grazed communities could be partly explained by non-equilibrium models of species diversity. Ecological and historical hypotheses were presented as explanations for the richness of communities having island-like distributions in the study area. It was generally concluded that historical and ecological factors should be given equal weight in descriptive studies which seek regional and global explanations of the evolution and maintenance of species diversity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035145
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