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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (43)
  • FLUID MECHANICS  (10)
  • Aerospace Medicine  (6)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 4 (1995), S. 397-404 
    ISSN: 1022-1344
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A new free volume distribution function for amorphous polymers is derived on the basis of a lattice model. It provides a good description of the non-Gaussian spreading observed very recently in positron annihilation experiments. This new theory shows that the non-Gaussian distribution is a result of the large density fluctuations of holes from their equilibrium. The Gaussian distribution is recovered in the limit of small fluctuations. The size and volume distribution of the holes is uniquely defined by two structural parameters: the energy of hole formation and the lattice volume. Our theory predicts that increases in temperature will broaden the distribution and shift its lower peak to higher free volume. Increases in pressure have the opposite effect.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2325-2332 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(α,α,α′,α′-tetrafluoro-p-xylylene) was prepared by the pyrolysis of cyclo-di-(α,α,α′,α′-tetrafluoro-p-xylylene) and by the pyrolysis of α,α′-bis(alkylsulfonyl)-α,α,α′,α′-tetrafluoro-p-xylene. The pyrolysis of α,α′-dibromo-α,α,α′,α′-tetrafluoro-p-xylylene also gave the polymer, but the method is less satisfactory. Poly(α,α,α′,α′-tetrafluoro-p-xylylene) shows remarkable thermal and oxidative stability at elevated temperatures. Useful mechanical and electrical properties are retained after aging for 3000 hr at 250° in air. After initial change due to crystallization, tensile strength remains near 10,000 psi, elongation above 5%, and dielectric constants and dissipation factors at approximately 2.4 and .001, respectively.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 1545-1553 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Vinyl esters of some undecylenic acid derivatives and acrylates and methacrylates of undecyl and undecylenyl alcohols, which may be considered as derivaties of castor oil, have been polymerized and copolymerized with vinyl chloride to provide a variety of new polymers. The acrylate and the methacrylate of undecylenyl alcohol have been epoxidized to yield two new polymerizable monomers of potential usefulness as crosslinking agents in finished copolymers.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2785-2796 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Accessibility of wood adhesives was determined using a potassium bromide-embedding technique during resin cure. Cured resin was then extracted with water, followed by x-ray analysis of residual potassium bromide retention in the adhesive matrix. Cured urea-formaldehyde (UF), phenol-formaldehyde resol (PF), and phenol-resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) accommodated large quantities of potassium bromide. However, only PRF adhesive showed crystallization of trapped potassium bromide, suggesting the presence of large pore sizes in the polymer lattices. Both UF and PRF adhesives, after room-temperature soaking, were equally resistant to water access. At higher temperature, water accessibility of UF increased greatly which may be attributed to thermal softening of the adhesive, while the accessibility of water to the PRF adhesive matrix was mainly a surface phenomenon and was not very temperature dependent. PF was highly accessible to water, even at room temperature, as a result of swelling from the presence of sodium hydroxide (catalyst). Accessibility of PRF adhesive was greatly increased by base (NaOH) solutions but not by acid (H2SO4) solutions. The UF resin showed slight increase of accessibility with increase in acidity and basicity of the water solution, but the accessibility increase of this adhesive in base solution was substantially less than that of PRF. The acid hydrolysis influence on accessibility increase of UF adhesive was far less severe than that of temperature.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 1189-1201 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of water vapor on a polyimide has been investigated in the temperature region of -190 to 325°C using an automated torsion pendulum. A damping peak, TH2O developes at -122°C (1 Hz) in the thermomechanical spectra of the polymer which is due to water-polymer interactions. The peak intensifies as the humidity of the conditioning atmosphere, at both 30° and at 325°C, increases and attains a limiting value at about 3000 ppmv H2O. The process is reversible. It is concluded that the number of sites in the polymer for interaction with water is low and limited (〈0.3 molecule H2O per polymer repeat unit) and, assuming direct proportionality between the intensity of the loss peak and the amount of water adsorbed, that the adsorption of water vapor follows the Langmuir isotherm.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 1619-1626 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A dual-calibration method for the determination of molecular weights and molecular weight distribution of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers (S/MA) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is introduced. It might be applicable to copolymers of other type. A linear relationship of intrinsic viscosity [η] and weight-average molecular weight (M̄w) for unfractionated S/MA in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 25°C can be expressed by the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left[ \eta \right] = 3.98 \times 10^{ - 4} \bar M_w^{0.596} . $\end{document} The maleic anhydride content of the copolymers ranges from 5 to 50 mole-%, and the M̄w range is from 2 × 104 to 7 × 106. The plot of log [η] M̄w versus GPC elution volume of the S/MA copolymers falls on the same curve as that of the polystyrene standards in THF.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25 (1991), S. 485-498 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A calcium phosphate cement, Grossman sealer, and Sargenti N2 were compared under conditions where root canals of monkey incisors were deliberately overfilled and the apical tissue responses were evaluated histologically. The periapical tissues exposed to Sargenti N2 revealed severe irritation at all times through the 6-month experimental period. The reactions to Grossman sealer were milder but persisted throughout the observation period. The calcium-phosphate-cement treated animals showed mild tissue irritation after 1 month, but thereafter the adverse tissue reactions were minimal. New bone formation adjacent to the cement was also observed. These results point to the possibility that calcium phosphate cement might be used in simplified endodontic procedures. The compatibility of calcium phosphate cement with the periapical tissue suggests that the cement may have other applications in dentistry and medicine.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 43 (1998), S. 428-432 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: BoneSource™ ; hydroxyapatite cement ; biomaterial ; craniofacial skeletal reconstruction ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: BoneSource™-hydroxyapatite cement is a new self-setting calcium phosphate cement biomaterial. Its unique and innovative physical chemistry coupled with enhanced biocompatibility make it useful for craniofacial skeletal reconstruction. The general properties and clinical use guidelines are reviewed. The biomaterial and surgical applications offer insight into improved outcomes and potential new uses for hydroxyapatite cement systems. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 43: 428-432, 1998
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 35 (1997), S. 273-277 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The calcium phosphate cement (CPC) used in this study was formed by combining equimolar amounts of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA). This powder, when mixed with water, sets to a hard cement in about 30 min. However, the water-based CPC paste is not highly cohesive and is vulnerable to washout until hardening occurs. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects on handling properties, washout resistance, cement hardening behavior, and mechanical properties of adding several gelling agents to CPC paste. Aqueous solutions that contained a mass fraction of 2-4% of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), carboxyl methyl-cellulose (CMC), chitosan acetate, and chitosan lactate were used as cement liquids. Hardening time was measured by the Gilmore needle test; resistance to washout was evaluated by the disintegration of the cement specimen in water with agitation; and mechanical strength was evaluated by the measurement of diametral tensile strength and compressive strength. Handling properties were greatly improved by the addition of HPMC, CMC, chitosan acetate, and chitosan lactate. Hardening time was retarded by the additions of HPMC and CMC, and mechanical strength was weakened by the addition of either the chitosan lactate or the chitosan acetate. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Biomed Mater Res, 35, 273-277, 1997.
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