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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodegradation of UV absorbers: Kinetics and structural effectsPaper presented at the “16th International Conference on Advances in the Stabilization and Degradation of Polymers” in Luzern (Switzerland), June 14-17, 1994. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 232 (1995), S. 229-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: When poly(methyl methacrylate) films containing UV absorbers are exposed to UV light, the absorbers undergo photodegradation resulting in loss of absorbance. If the data extend for less than one half-life, both zero and first order kinetic treatment give fairly linear fits, but the rate constants so derived are dependent on the initial absorbance of the films. When the zero order rate constants are corrected to account for the higher rate of degradation near the surface compared with the bulk that occurs in highly absorbing films, consistent “infinite absorption” zero order rate constants are derived. The inhomogeneous degradation is due to only the highly absorbed, higher energy light contributing significantly to the degradation. For the benzophenone and benzotriazole classes of absorber, at least 65% of the degradation is due to light with wavelengths 〈 350 nm. Structural variations generally caused only small differences in the rates of degradation of these classes of absorbers unless the substitutions disrupted the intramolecular hydrogen bonds that are critical for stability. If the hydrogen bond is weakened, the absorber is less stable.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1995.052320114
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrolysis and combustion of cellulose. I. Effects of triphenyl phosphate in the presence of nitrogenous bases (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 14 (1970), S. 1701-1723 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ability of selected phosphorus-containing compounds and nitrogen-containing compounds to act as flame retardants for cotton cellulose was investigated using flame tests, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The effectiveness of the organophosphorus compounds was found to correlate with the changes which they induced in the pyrolytic degradation of the cellulose as indicated by DTA. Many of the samples containing nitrogen were found to exhibit DTA curves having pronounced exotherms. The presence of nitrogen-containing compounds in conjunction with the organophosphorus systems enhanced their ability to retard flame propagation but did not produce significant changes in the pyrolytic endotherm as observed by DTA. More conclusive evidence for a chemically based phosphorus-nitrogen synergism was obtained by the use of TGA. These data can be interpreted in terms of the phosphorus-nitrogen synergistic effects and flame retardance mechanisms which have been proposed in the literature.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1970.070140705
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  • 3
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    An examination of spatial and temporal genetic variation in walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) using allozyme, mitochondrial DNA, and microsatellite data (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15248 | 403 | 2014-05-30 21:15:27 | 15248 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: We used allozyme, microsatellite, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data to test for spatial and interannual genetic diversity in wall-eye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from six spawning aggregations representing three geographic regions: Gulf of Alaska, eastern Bering Sea, and eastern Kamchatka. Interpopulation genetic diversity was evident primarily from the mtDNA and two allozyme loci (SOD-2*, MPI*). Permutation tests ˆindicated that FST values for most allozyme and microsatellite loci were not significantly greater than zero. The microsatellite results suggested that high locus polymorphism may not be a reliable indicator of power for detecting population differentiation in walleye pollock. The fact that mtDNA revealed population structure and most nuclear loci did not suggests that the effective size of most walleye pollock populations is large (genetic drift is weak) and migration is a relatively strong homogenizing force. The allozymes and mtDNA provided mostly concordant estimates of patterns of spatial genetic variation. These data showed significant genetic variation between North American and Asian populations. In addition, two spawning aggregations in the Gulf of Alaska, in Prince William Sound, and off Middleton Island, appeared genetically distinct from walleye pollock spawning in the Shelikof Strait and may merit management as a distinct stock. Finally, we found evidence of interannual genetic variation in two of three North American spawning aggregations, similar in magnitude to the spatial variation among North American walleye pol-lock. We suggest that interannual genetic variation in walleye pollock may be indicative of one or more of the following factors: highly variable reproductive success, adult philopatry, source-sink metapopulation structure, and intraannual variation (days) in spawning timing among genetically distinct but spatially identical spawning aggregates.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 752-764
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution behavior of α-chymotrypsin dissolved in nonpolar organic solvents via hydrophobic ion pairing (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 35 (1995), S. 451-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dissolution of α-chymotrypsin in nonpolar organic solvents can be achieved using hydrophobic ion pairing, whereby the polar counterions are replaced by a stoichiometric number of detergent molecules. Using Aerosol OT[AOT, sodium bis(2-octyl)sulfosuccinate], it is possible to partition significant amounts of the enzyme into alkanes and chlorocarbons. Apparent solubility in isooctane is greater than 1 mg/mL (80 μM). Necessary conditions for achieving effective partitioning of α-chymotrypsin into these solvents are described. Using CD spectroscopy, it can be shown that the AOT-α-chymotrypsin (CMT) complex retains its native secondary and tertiary structure when dissolved in alkanes, and that the globular structure is stable to more than 100°C. In contrast, α-chymotrypsin unfolds at 54°C in aqueous solution. The relative solubility of the AOT-CMT complex in a variety of alkanes and chlorocarbons is also reported. The native structure of α-chymotrypsin is maintained in carbon tetrachloride, but not in methylene chloride or chloroform. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360350504
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of accelerated exposure conditions on the photodegradation of BPA polycarbonate/ABS blends (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 247 (1997), S. 1-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A BPA polycarbonate/ABS blend containing 2% TiO2 was exposed to xenon are irradiation under SAE J 1885 conditions (quartz/borosilicate filters). “CRD” conditions (borosilicate/borosilicate filters), and ASTM D4459-86 conditions (borosilicate/soda lime filters). The results are consistent with the conclusion that polycarbonate dominates the photochemistry of polycarbonate/ABS blends under SAE J1885 and CRD xenon are exposure conditions. Exposure under ASTM D4459-86 conditions produced results similar to CRD conditions with some additional contribution attributable to the ABS component. The “activation spectrum” of PC/ABS blends under CRD conditions closely resembled the sum of the activation spectra of ABS and PC determined under similar conditions. The well-known change in mechanism that occurs when polycarbonate is exposed to light with wavelengths 〈 300 nm was manifested by increased rates of yellowing, surface erosion. and loss of gloss under SAE J 1885 conditions. Because of the mechanism change, testing under quartz/borosilicate filtered xenon are exposure cannot be considered to be appropriate for polycarbonate-containing formulations.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1997.052470101
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stacking interactions of ApA analogues with modified backbones (1992)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 32 (1992), S. 1351-1363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: CD spectra have been measured as a function of temperature for a number of ApA analogues with modified backbones. Oligonucleotides with these modified backbones are being used as antisense agents having potential as viral therapeutics. Results of these studies show that when a carbonyl is substituted for the phosphate to produce an uncharged backbone, the analogues that have either sugar or morpholino substitution do not stack. In contrast, when a morpholino group is substituted for the sugar and the phosphate is modified so as to be uncharged, there is strong base stacking. Stacking interactions in the phosphorus-linked morpholino analogues are at least as strong as those found in d (ApA). The stacking interactions in ApA are weak by comparison. Singular value decomposition demonstrates that the stacking is two state, and Taylor series decomposition yields a coefficient that measures base stacking interactions. The van't Hoff equation is applied to the base stacking coefficient from the Taylor series fitting to give thermodynamic parameters. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360321009
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of a S-(Carboxymethyl)cysteine Analog of (L-2-Amino-6-adipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine and its Cell Free Biosynthetic Conversion into 6-[2-(D-2-Amino-2-carboxyethyl)thio) acetamido]penicillanic Acid (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 67 (1984), S. 870-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new tripeptide (dimer), bis[(L-cysteine-S-acetyl)-L-hemicystinyl(S2 → S2)-D-valine] (6) was synthesized by coupling N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine benzyl ester (1) with S-trityl-L-cysteinyl-D-valine benzyl ester and subsequent removal of the protecting groups. After reduction of the disulfide, the free tripeptide Cys (CH2CO-Cys-D-Val) (Ib) was used as a substrate of isopenicillin-N synthetase in a cell-free conversion to 6-[2-((D-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)thio)acetamido]penicillanic acid (IIa).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19840670328
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of L-α-aminoadipyl-L-serinylThe conventional name for a serine residue is seryl. However, since serinyl was used in the previous paper, the term serinyl is retained in the title of this paper.-D-valine, a naturally occuring tripeptide from the fermentation of Penicillium chrysogenum (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 64 (1981), S. 2587-2591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new tripeptide, L-α-aminoadipyl-L-seryl-D-valine has been synthesized by coupling the protected L-seryl-D-valine dipeptide with an appropriately protected L-α-aminoadipic acid ester. The free tripeptide was obtained after treatment with liquid HF and purification by HPLC.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19810640814
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chain packing in two aromatic heterocyclic polymers, one of which has a ladder structure (1987)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 455-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1987.021880221
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chain packing in two aromatic heterocyclic polymers, one of which has a ladder structure (1986)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 187 (1986), S. 1547-1550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A semiempirical method was used to calculate the interaction energies in the ladder polymer poly(3,6-dioxo-1H-2,3,6,6a-tetrahydro-2,6a,11-triazaindeno[1,2-b]pyrene-2,8,9-triyl-1-ylidene-1-nitrilo) (BBL, 1) and the single-strand polymer poly(5,8-dioxo-4b,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-4b,8a,13,16-tetraazadiindeno[1,2-a:1,2-i]pyrene-3,10-diyl) (BBB, 2), in order to elucidate their chain packing. The van der Waals contribution to the total intermolecular interaction energies was found to be more significant than the Coulombic one. The prediction of short-range interplanar spacings in the neighborhood of 3,3 Å along the z axis (chains above one another) and 8,8 Å along the y axis (chains alongside one another) is in good agreement with X-ray diffraction results.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1986.021870623
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