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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Taurewa Eruptive Episode: evidence for climactic eruptions at Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand (1999)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 61 (1999), S. 223-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words Ruapehu volcano ; Taurewa Formation ; Tephra ; Pyroclastic flow ; Remanent magnetism ; Taurewa eruptive episode ; Volcanic hazard
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The ca. 10,500 years B.P. eruptions at Ruapehu volcano deposited 0.2–0.3 km3 of tephra on the flanks of Ruapehu and the surrounding ring plain and generated the only known pyroclastic flows from this volcano in the late Quaternary. Evidence of the eruptions is recorded in the stratigraphy of the volcanic ring plain and cone, where pyroclastic flow deposits and several lithologically similar tephra deposits are identified. These deposits are grouped into the newly defined Taurewa Formation and two members, Okupata Member (tephra-fall deposits) and Pourahu Member (pyroclastic flow deposits). These eruptions identify a brief (〈ca. 2000-year) but explosive period of volcanism at Ruapehu, which we define as the Taurewa Eruptive Episode. This Episode represents the largest event within Ruapehu's ca. 22,500-year eruptive history and also marks its culmination in activity ca. 10,000 years B.P. Following this episode, Ruapehu volcano entered a ca. 8000-year period of relative quiescence. We propose that the episode began with the eruption of small-volume pyroclastic flows triggered by a magma-mingling event. Flows from this event travelled down valleys east and west of Ruapehu onto the upper volcanic ring plain, where their distal remnants are preserved. The genesis of these deposits is inferred from the remanent magnetisation of pumice and lithic clasts. We envisage contemporaneous eruption and emplacement of distal pumice-rich tephras and proximal welded tuff deposits. The potential for generation of pyroclastic flows during plinian eruptions at Ruapehu has not been previously considered in hazard assessments at this volcano. Recognition of these events in the volcanological record is thus an important new factor in future risk assessments and mitigation of volcanic risk at Tongariro Volcanic Centre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450050273
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biology and conservation of sturgeon and paddlefish (2000)
    Springer
    Reviews in fish biology and fisheries 10 (2000), S. 355-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5184
    Keywords: Acipenseriformes ; conservation ; paddlefish ; phylogeny ; sturgeon ; threatened status
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The Acipenseriformes (sturgeon and paddlefish)live in the Northern Hemisphere; half of thesespecies live in Europe, mostly in thePonto-Caspian region, one third in NorthAmerica, and the rest in East Asia and Siberia.They reproduce in freshwater and most of themmigrate to the sea, either living in brackishwater (Caspian, Azov, Black and Baltic Seas) orin full seawater on the oceanic continentalshelf. Most species feed on benthic organisms.Puberty usually occurs late in life (5–30 yearsof age) and adult males and females do notspawn on an annual basis. Adults continue togrow and some species such as the beluga (Huso huso) have reached 100 years of age andmore than 1,000 kg weight. Stocks of sturgeonsare dramatically decreasing, particularly inEurasia; the world sturgeon catch was nearly28,000 t in 1982 and less than 2,000 t by 1999.This decline resulted from overfishing andenvironmental degradation such as: accumulationof pollutants in sediments, damming of rivers,and restricting water flows, which becomeunfavorable to migration and reproduction.Several protective measures have beeninstituted; for example, fishing regulation,habitat restoration, juvenile stocking, and theCITES listing of all sturgeon productsincluding caviar. In addition, sturgeon farmingpresently yields more than 2,000 t per year(equivalent to wild sturgeon landings) andabout 15 t of caviar. Hopefully, thisartificial production will contribute to areduction of fishing pressure and lead to therehabilitation of wild stocks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012231526151
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