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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineralization and denitrification in upland, nearly saturated and flooded subtropical soil I. Effect of nitrate and ammoniacal nitrogen (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 162-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Denitrification ; N mineralization ; Semiarid subtropical soils ; Flooded rice systems ; Nearly saturated rice systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The influence of fertilizer N applied through nitrate and ammoniacal sources on the availability of nitrate, supply of C, and gaseous N losses via denitrification (using acetylene inhibition technique) in a semiarid subtropical soil (Typic Ustochrepts) was investigated in a growth chamber simulating upland [60% water-filled pore space (WFPS)], nearly saturated (90% WFPS), and flooded (120% WFPS) conditions. The rate of denitrification was very low in the upland soil conditions, irrespective of fertilizer N treatments. Increasing water content to nearly saturated and flooded conditions resulted in four- to sixfold higher rates of denitrification within 2 days, suggesting that the denitrifying activity commences quickly. Results of this study reveal that (1) under restricted aeration, these soils could support high rates of denitrification (∼6 mg N kg–1 day–1) for short periods when nitrate is present; (2) application of fertilizer N as nitrate enhances N losses via denitrification (∼10 mg N kg–1 day–1) – however, the supply of available C determines the intensity and duration of denitrification; (3) when fertilizer N is applied as an ammoniacal form, nitrification proceeds slowly and nitrate availability limits denitrification in flooded soil; (4) the nearly saturated soil, being partially aerobic, supported greater nitrification of applied ammoniacal fertilizer N than flooded soil resulting in higher relative rates of denitrification; and (5) under aerobic soil conditions, 26 mg mineral N kg–1 accumulated in control soil over a 16-day period, demonstrating a modest capacity of such semiarid subtropical soils, low in organic matter, to supply N to growing plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050640
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineralization and denitrification in upland, nearly saturated and flooded subtropical soil II. Effect of organic manures varying in N content and C:N ratio (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 168-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Denitrification ; N mineralization ; Semiarid subtropical soils ; Flooded rice systems ; Water regime
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Nitrogen and carbon mineralization of cattle manure (N=6 g kg–1; C:N=35), pressmud (N=17.4 g kg–1; C:N=22), green manure (N=26.8 g kg–1; C:N=14) and poultry manure (N=19.5 g kg–1; C:N=12) and their influence on gaseous N losses via denitrification (using the acetylene inhibition technique) in a semiarid subtropical soil (Typic Ustochrepts) were investigated in a growth chamber simulating upland, nearly saturated, and flooded conditions. Mineralization of N started quickly in all manures, except pressmud where immobilization of soil mineral N was observed for an initial 4 days. Accumulation of mineral N in upland soil plus denitrified N revealed that mineralization of cattle manure-, pressmud-, poultry manure- and green manure-N over 16 days was 12, 20, 29 and 44%, respectively, and was inversely related to C:N ratio (R 2=0.703, P=0.05) and directly to N content of organic manure (R 2=0.964, P=0.01). Manure-C mineralized over 16 days ranged from 6% to 50% in different manures added to soil under different moisture regimes and was, in general, inversely related to initial C:N ratio of manure (R 2=0.690, P=0.05). Cumulative denitrification losses over 16 days in control soils (without manure) under upland, nearly saturated, and flooded conditions were 5, 23, and 24 mg N kg–1, respectively. Incorporation of manures enhanced denitrification losses by 60-82% in upland, 52–163% in nearly saturated, and 26–107% in flooded soil conditions over a 16-day period, demonstrating that mineralized N and C from added manures could result in 2- to 3-fold higher rate of denitrification. Cumulative denitrification losses were maximal with green manure, followed by poultry manure, pressmud and cattle manure showing an increase in denitrification with increasing N content and decreasing C:N ratio of manure. Manure-amended nearly saturated soils supported 14–35% greater denitrification than flooded soils due to greater mineralization and supply of C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050641
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field studies on gaseous nitrogen losses from soils under continuous wheat versus a wheat-fallow rotation (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 75 (1983), S. 15-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene inhibition technique ; Denitrifier counts ; Dinitrogen ; Nitrous oxide ; Potential denitrification rates ; 15N balance sheet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Field studies were conducted over a period of two years (April to November inclusive) to assess gaseous losses of nitrogen (N2O+N2) using the acetylene inhibition technique from two Black Chernozemic soils (Hoey cl and Hamlin cl) under continuous wheat (W-W) and wheat-summerfallow (W-F) rotations. Gaseous N losses from cropped fields were very low in both years ranging from 2 to 3 kg N.ha−1.yr−1; up to 60% of this nitrogen was generally lost during the early spring period (April to May). Losses of N from the W-F rotation were two to five times higher than from the continuous wheat rotation. The contribution of lower soil horizons towards gaseous N losses was negligible; the marked decrease in N2O flux with soil depth followed similar decreasing patterns of organic carbon, denitrifier counts and potential denitrification rates. 15N-labelled balance studies were carried out on microplots established on the same two sites during the 1981 growing season. Cumulative nitrogen losses measured during the period May 26 to August 31 using the acetylene technique were 1.8±0.7 and 1.2±0.3 kg N.ha−1 at the Hoey and Hamlin sites, respectively. These results agree closely with the amount of nitrogen which could not be accounted for in the N balance studies (2.3±3.1 and 1.2±2.1 kg N.ha−1, respectively). While the acetylene technique is highly labour intensive, these studies indicate it has an advantage over the15N balance approach, namely, the capability to assess short-term response of denitrification to rainfall events in particular.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02178610
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